Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of the risk factors in patients of pancreatic cancer with liver metastases.

	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
Variables	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
Age
≤49	Ref
50–64	0.966	0.805–1.159	0.711
65–74	0.905	0.753–1.088	0.289
≥75	0.828	0.682–1.004	0.055
Sex
Female	Ref
Male	1.241	1.125–1.369	0	1.171	1.037–1.322	0.011
Race
Black	Ref
Other	0.661	0.532–0.818	0	0.804	0.618–1.045	0.103
White	0.739	0.646–0.849	0	0.875	0.739–1.036	0.121
Primary sites
Other	Ref
Pancreatic body tail	0.936	0.813–1.079	0.361	1.338	1.121–1.597	0.001
Pancreatic head	0.459	0.400–0.527	0	0.751	0.633–0.890	0.001
Histopathology
Adenocarcinoma	Ref
Infiltrating duct carcinoma	0.191	0.160–0.228	0	0.676	0.550–0.832	0
Neuroendocrine carcinoma	1.026	0.877–1.196	0.745	3.69	2.931–4.645	0
Other	0.660	0.561–0.773	0	1.576	1.261–1.970	0
Grade
I (Well)	Ref
II (Moderately)	1.587	1.360–1.859	0	1.903	1.557–2.325	0
III (Poorly)	2.904	2.496–3.390	0	2.652	2.170–3.240	0
IV (Undifferentiated)	3.672	2.654–5.028	0	1.918	1.278–2.879	0.002
T stage
T1	Ref
T2	5.526	4.317–7.171	0	1.591	1.019–2.484	0.041
T3	1.967	1.549–2.535	0	1.207	0.785–1.858	0.391
T4	6.390	4.959–8.343	0	0.955	0.610–1.495	0.841
N stage
N0	Ref
N1	0.754	0.683–0.832	0	1.49	1.307–1.698	0
Bone metastasis
No	Ref
Yes	12.454	8.672–18.179	0	3.982	2.552–6.212	0
Brain metastasis
No	Ref
Yes	4.588	1.321–15.250	0.012	0.569	0.146–2.214	0.416
Lung metastasis
No	Ref
Yes	8.369	6.873–10.208	0	1.907	1.515–2.400	0
Tumor size
≤2 cm	Ref
2–4 cm	2.258	1.857–2.768	0	1.292	0.914–1.827	0.147
>4 cm	5.085	4.189–6.226	0	1.734	1.226–2.452	0.002
Unknown	7.769	5.934–10.192	0	1.537	1.028–2.298	0.036
Surgery
No	Ref
Yes	0.057	0.051–0.065	0	0.066	0.056–0.078	0
Radiotherapy
None/Unknown	Ref
Yes	0.195	0.160–0.234	0	0.190	0.153–0.236	0
Chemotherapy
None/Unknown	Ref
Yes	1.181	1.068–1.307	0.001	1.359	1.190–1.551	0

OR, Odds ratio; CI, confidence intervals.