Table 4.
Enzyme inhibition activity [%] of reference compounds and 10 mg/mL S. ramosissima stock solutions in relation to blank samples. n.d.: not detected or activity lower than the limit of detection, n/a: not available. Reference compounds were tested with 1 mg/mL, except acarbose (10 mg/mL). Results are mean values with standard deviations (in brackets). Different letters denote significantly different results, calculated individually for the results from each enzyme assay. For all assays (p < 0.001), except for lipase inhibition assay (p = 0.002).
| Fraction | α-Amylase [%] |
α-Glucosidase [%] |
Lipase [%] |
Tyrosinase [%] |
AChE [%] |
BuChE [%] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Juice, FR | 2.10 (0.41) bc | 5.46 (4.98) c | 19.21 (9.09) b | 10.84 (2.66) b | 16.11 (1.91) c | 24.03 (2.77) b |
| Juice, PT | 3.29 (1.16) ab | 12.91 (1.73) c | 21.40 (8.77) b | n.d. | 28.44 (4.60) b | 46.25 (1.74) a |
| Fibres, H2O | 4.08 (0.72) a | 34.12 (2.10) b | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| Fibres, EtOH | n/a | 68.63 (8.85) a | 41.74 (8.93) a | 71.85 (5.42) a | 68.42 (1.59) a | 17.82 (1.77) c |
| Lignified | 1.10 (0.47) c | 38.93 (3.90) b | 21.13 (8.64) b | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| Acarbose | 61.18 (1.30) | 85.61 (0.89) | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Orlistat | n/a | n/a | 82.33 (1.52) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Arbutin | n/a | n/a | n/a | 41.46 (1.51) | n/a | n/a |
| Galantamine | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 88.88 (0.96) | 41.41 (4.11) |