Table 1.

Root-mean-square error (RMSE) and 95% confidence interval (CI) calculated using 10-fold cross-validation to help identify “best” machine learning model.

Algorithm	10-Fold CV RMSE for 3-Month Post-Operative ASES	95% CI
LASSO	15.25	14.36–16.14
Ridge Regression	15.31	14.47–16.16
Linear Regression	15.32	14.47–16.16
XGBoost	15.90	14.80–17.00
Random Forest	16.35	15.40–17.31
K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN)	17.02	16.04–18.01
Support Vector Regression	17.20	16.00–18.40