Table 1.
Liver weights and levels of some markers in the serum of all experimental groups.
| Parameter | Control | RJ | HFD | HFD + RJ | HFD + RJ + CC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Final liver weight (g) | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 4.3 ± 0.42 | 6.7± 0.61 ab | 4.8 ± 0.38 c | 6.3 ± 0.82 abd |
| Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 39.4 ± 4.2 | 55.5 ± 5.7 a | 24.7 ± 3.8 ab | 39.8 ± 4.3 bc | 38.9 ± 4.7 abd |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 22.4 ± 3.4 | 25.4 ± 4.1 | 56.3 ± 4.9 ab | 29.4 ± 3.7 abc | 49.3± 5.4 abd |
| Serum TNF-α (pg/mL) | 83.2 ± 7.8 | 91.2 ± 8.5 | 322 ± 19 ab | 125 ± 11.2 abc | 311± 28.2 abd |
| Serum IL-6 (pg/mL) | 46.3 ± 5.1 | 49.2 ± 5.3 | 123 ± 13.1 ab | 66.2 ± 6.2 abc | 118± 10.2 abd |
| Serum ALT (U/L) | 24.5 ± 3.8 | 27.3 ± 5.7 | 88.2 ± 5.5 ab | 32.3 ± 4.7 abc | 82.4 ± 7.5 abd |
| AST (U/L) | 35.4 ± 4.3 | 31.3 ± 4.9 | 102 ± 9.2 ab | 54.3 ± 5.4 abc | 110 ± 11.2 abd |
| γ-GTT (U/L) | 21.4 ± 4.5 | 25.6 ± 3.8 a | 69.3 ± 3.2 ab | 37.3 ± 4.1 abc | 73.2 ± 6.9 abd |
Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 8/group). a: vs. control; b: vs. RJ-treated control rats; c: vs. HFD-model rats; d: vs. HFD + RJ-treated rats. RJ: royal jelly; HFD: high-fat diet; CC: compound C, an AMPK inhibitor.