Table 5.
Pharmacodynamic parameters after administrating different insulin samples in rats. (X ± SD, n = 6).
| S.C | Oral | L-HA–PDM–INS | M-HA–PDM–INS | H-HA–PDM–INS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dose (IU/kg) | 5 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
| AUC0–∞ (μIU/mL·h) | 180.31 ± 32.31 | 177.07 ± 83.24 | 189.83 ± 72.16 | 210.90 ± 113.06 | |
| MRT0–∞ (h) | 1.63 ± 0.07 | - | 3.96 ± 0.50 | 4.88 ± 0.82 | 6.17 ± 0.39 |
| VRT0–∞ (h2) | 2.13 ± 0.01 | - | 7.22 ± 5.89 | 10.82 ± 5.61 | 21.88 ± 9.12 |
| t1/2z (h) | 1.27 ± 0.09 | - | 1.88 ± 1.06 | 2.36 ± 0.33 | 3.35 ± 1.11 |
| Tmax (h) | 1 | - | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| CLz/F (L/h/kg) | 28.39 ± 4.30 | - | 183.89 ± 91.37 | 166.22 ± 64.64 | 143.90 ± 79.58 |
| Cmax (μIU/mL) | 104.67 ± 10.61 | - | 38.01 ± 11.31 | 31.98 ± 8.49 | 27.03 ± 9.89 |
| AAC | 330.1 | 17.3 | 293.2 | 324.8 | 377.1 |
| PA (%) | 100 | 0.66 | 11.10 | 12.30 | 14.28 |
AUC: area under concentration—time curve; MRT: mean residence time; VRT: variance of residence time; t1/2z: elimination half-life; Tmax: time to reach maximum concentration; CLz/F: clearance rate; C max: maximum concentration; AAC: blood glucose level—area on time curve, (area above the curve); PA: pharmacological activity.