Table 2.

The cardioprotective effect of apelins.

Apelins	Model	Doses	Administration	Effect	References
Apelin-13	Isolated mouse heart	1 µmol	During reperfusion	Reduced infarct size	[22,40,45,49]
		30 pmol/L	During reperfusion	Improvement of contractile function
		30 pmol/L	During reperfusion	Reduced LDH and MDA
Apelin-13	In vivo	1 mg/kg	In reperfusion	Reduced infarct size	[40,46]
		1 µg/kg	15 min before reperfusion	Prevention of necrosis and apoptosis
Apelin-12	Isolated rat heart	140 μmol/L	Prior to ischemia or at the onset of reperfusion	Improvement of contractile function after ischemia Increase in ATP Reduced lactate and LDH	[43,47]
Apelin-12	In vivo	0.5 mg/kg	Before reperfusion	Reduced infarct size	[34,47]
Pyr-apelin-13	Isolated rat heart	10 nmol/L	Prior to ischemia or after ischemia	Reduced infarct size after ischemia No effect before ischemia No improvement of contractile function	[41]

ATP, adenosine triphosphate; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MDA, malondialdehyde.