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Contamination of VLPs with EVs and pseudotransduction. Transfected VLP-producing cells secrete MVs from the plasma membrane and exosomes as a result of MVB fusion with the plasma membrane. Once EVs are pseudotyped with Env, for example, VSVG, and spontaneously loaded with cargo protein, they can transduce (pseudotransduce) target cells along with VLPs. Created with https://app.biorender.com/illustrations/638a443e9cc25bb34b5c8f23 (accessed on 2 March 2023).
