Table 1.
Characteristics of cirrhosis patients with fluid retention treated with SGLT2 inhibitors.
| Pre | 1 Week | 1 Month | 3 Months | 4 Months | 6 Months | 9 Months | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient 1 [23] Age: 63 Sex: Female SGLT2-I: Empagliflozin Etiology: NASH |
Body weight (kg) | 63 | 58.2 | 58.2 | 57.9 | 58.1 | ||
| Serum Na/K (mEq/L) | 139/4.2 | 140/4.2 | 137/4.3 | 136/4.6 | 135/4.3 | |||
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 2.84 | 2.86 | 2.71 | 2.5 | 2.88 | |||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.7 | 0.72 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.87 | |||
| Platelets (×104/μL) | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 9.9 | 9.9 | |||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 86 | 87 | 85 | 73 | 90 | |||
| Patient 2 [23] Age: 64 Sex: Female SGLT2-I: Canagliflozin Etiology: NASH |
Body weight (kg) | 81.1 | 80.7 | 74.8 | 73.3 | 69.9 | ||
| Serum Na/K (mEq/L) | 120/4.1 | 140/5.2 | 138/4.5 | 145/4.3 | 141/4.7 | |||
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 3.5 | N/A | 3.5 | 3.68 | 3.38 | |||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.7 | 1.00 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.86 | |||
| Platelets (×104/μL) | 6.8 | N/A | 7.0 | 6.6 | 7.8 | |||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 140 | 91 | 140 | 141 | 121 | |||
| Patient 3 [23] Age: 53 Sex: Male SGLT2-I: Canagliflozin Etiology: NASH |
Body weight (kg) | 57.6 | 55.7 | 53.5 | 51.9 | 51.0 | ||
| Serum Na/K (mEq/L) | 135/4.9 | 139/4.7 | 139/4.5 | 139/4.5 | 145/4.4 | |||
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.6 | |||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.80 | 1.24 | 1.00 | 1.04 | 0.90 | |||
| Platelets (×104/μL) | 11.1 | 16.6 | 10.5 | 6.6 | 9.9 | |||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 187 | 123 | 130 | 119 | 150 | |||
| Patient 4 [22] Age: 54 Sex: Female SGLT2-I: Empagliflozin Etiology: PBC |
Body weight (kg) | |||||||
| Serum Na/K (mEq/L) | 133/4.39 | 136/4.42 | 139/4.1 | 140/3.71 | ||||
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 3.7 | ||||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.84 | 0.77 | 0.60 | 0.55 | ||||
| Platelets (×104/μL) | ||||||||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 286 | 165 | 137 | 116 | ||||
| HbA1c (%) | 6.6 | 5.8 | ||||||
| Child–Pugh score | 8 | 8 | 6 | 5 | ||||
| Patient 5 [21] Age: 59 Sex: Male SGLT2-I: Empagliflozin Etiology: Alcohol |
Body weight (kg) | 59.6 | 53.8 | 54.9 | 54.1 | 55.2 | 55.4 | 54.7 |
| Serum Na/K (mEq/L) | 133/4.7 | 136/4.1 | 139/4.3 | 138/4.4 | 137/4.5 | 141/4.4 | 141/4.6 | |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 2.7 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.4 | |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.07 | 1.10 | 1.18 | 1.16 | 1.24 | 1.18 | 1.16 | |
| Platelets (×104/μL) | 8.8 | 8.2 | 9.3 | 10.1 | 9.8 | 10.7 | 12.8 | |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 125 | 183 | 144 | 129 | 107 | 137 | 104 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.5 | 7.2 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.1 | ||
| ChE (IU/L) | 45 | 72 | 82 | 89 | 93 | 112 | ||
| Child–Pugh score | 10 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | |
Cirrhosis patients with fluid retention treated with SGLT2 inhibitors. Hyponatremia was normalized after treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors in three patients (patients 2, 4, and 5). No increased sodium levels were observed with SGLT2 inhibitors in normonatremia (patients 1 and 3). In some patients, SGLT2 inhibitor improved liver function and nutritional status (patients 4 and 5). Abbreviations: SGLT2-Ⅰ, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; PBC, primary biliary cholangitis; ChE, cholinesterase.