| APES: | 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane |
| DDA: | data-dependent acquisition |
| DN: | compound from Dendrobium nobile |
| DNE: | Dendrobium nobile extract |
| DNP: | Dendrobium nobile polysaccharide |
| ESI: | electron spray ionization |
| HRMS: | high-resolution mass spectrometry |
| PPI: | protein–protein interaction |
| T2DM: | Type 2 diabetic mellitus |
| TIC: | total ions current |