Table 1.

Comparison between viral and non-viral vectors in gene therapy.

Gene Delivery Methods	Advantages	Disadvantages	Ref.
Viral-mediated methods	High transfection efficiency	Risk of viral infection Immunogenicity, toxicity limited size of gene, one copy Expensive, long procedure Stability and regulatory issues Limited to certain tissues and cells	[55]
Non-viral-mediated methods	No infection Low toxicity No limited on the size of gene Cheap, easy to prepare Stable Applicable to all tissues and cells	Low transfection efficiency	[58]