. 2023 Mar 13;15(6):1385. doi: 10.3390/nu15061385

Table 4.

Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on quartiles, median, and continuous types of nightly fasting duration in Korean adults.

	Nightly Fasting Duration
	Quartiles				P for trend ⁽³⁾	≥12.0 (M)/12.7 (W) vs. <12.0 (M)/12.7 (W)	Per 1 h Increase
	Q1 (Lowest)	Q2	Q3	Q4 (Highest)	P for trend ⁽³⁾	≥12.0 (M)/12.7 (W) vs. <12.0 (M)/12.7 (W)	Per 1 h Increase
Men (n = 9683)	2680	1954	2728	2321		9683	9683
Cases (n)	419	372	531	312		1634	1634
Age-adjusted model ⁽¹⁾	1.00	0.95 (0.78–1.15) ⁽²⁾	0.92 (0.77–1.09)	0.77 (0.63–0.94)	0.29	0.87 (0.76–0.99)	0.98 (0.95–1.00)
Multivariable-adjusted model	1.00	0.98 (0.81–1.19)	0.94 (0.79–1.13)	0.75 (0.61–0.91)	0.06	0.88 (0.77–1.01)	0.98 (0.95–1.00)
Women (n = 13,002)	3524	3073	3627	2778		13,002	13,002
Cases (n)	423	413	522	273		1631	1631
Age-adjusted model	1.00	0.92 (0.77–1.11)	0.93 (0.78–1.10)	0.86 (0.71–1.05)	0.29	0.94 (0.82–1.07)	0.98 (0.95–1.01)
Multivariable-adjusted model	1.00	0.92 (0.76–1.12)	0.90 (0.75–1.07)	0.77 (0.62–0.95)	0.43	0.89 (0.77–1.02)	0.97 (0.94–0.99)

KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Q, quartile; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; M, men; W, women. ⁽¹⁾ Age-adjusted model was adjusted for age (years, continuous); Multivariable-adjusted model was adjusted for age (years, continuous), educational level (elementary school, middle school, high school, or college), household income level (lower-middle, middle, upper-middle, or high), household type (single-person or multi-person), alcohol consumption (none, moderate, or high), smoking status (never, past, or current), regular physical activity (yes or no), and body mass index (kg/m², continuous). ⁽²⁾ Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval). ⁽³⁾ The p value for the trend was calculated using the median value of the nightly fasting duration in each quartile, treating it as a continuous variable in the model.