Table 1.
In vitro and in vivo effects of several plant extracts in neurodegenerative disorders.
| Plant | Plant Part/Extract | Type of Study | Effects | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viccinium genus (blueberries) | Fruits and leaves (methanol/water/formic acid 60:37:3 v/v/v) |
In vivo (C57BL/6 mice) |
Protected microglia cells, curtail the signs of neuroinflammation. | [19] |
| Acacia dealbata | Flower Ethanol/water |
In vitro | Antioxidant Anti-AChE |
[20] |
| Sophora secundiflora and Sophora tomentosa | Leaves Ethyl acetate and methanol |
In vivo (Rats) |
Antioxidant Anti-AChE |
[21] |
| Piper divaricatum | Leaves Essential oil |
In vitro | Anti-AChE | [22] |
| Lavandula stoechas | Aerial parts Methanol |
In vivo (Swiss albino mice) |
Antioxidant Anti-AChE |
[23] |
| Elatostema papillosum | Leaves Methanol |
In vivo (Wistar albino rats) |
Anti-AChE Anti-BChE Antioxidant |
[24] |
| Evolvulus alsinoides | Leaves Methanol and water |
In vitro (SH-SY5Y cell-line) |
Antioxidant Anti-AChE |
[25] |
| Psychotria calocarpa | Leaves Methanol |
In vitro and in vivo (Swiss albino mice) | Antioxidant | [26] |
| Morus alba | Leaves Water |
In vivo (Swiss albino mice) | Anti-AChE, Anti-BChE Antioxidant |
[27] |
| Bauhinia coccinea | Stems Ethanol |
In vitro (HT22 neuronal cell line) | Anti-AChE Anti-BChE Antioxidant anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) |
[28] |
| Enhydra fluctuans | Stems and leaves Chloroform |
In vivo (Swiss albino mice) | Anti-AChE, Anti-BChE Antioxidant |
[29] |
| Dillenia suffruticosa | Leaves Methanol |
In vitro (Caenorhabditis elegans) | Anti-AChE Anti-BChE Antioxidant |
[30] |
| Rosmarinus officinalis | Whole plant Ethanol, ethyl acetate and water |
In vitro | Anti-AChE Antioxidant |
[31] |
| Origanum vulgare | Aerial parts Ethanol |
In vitro | Antioxidant Anti-apoptotic |
[33] |
| Bacopa floribunda | Leaves Ethanol/water |
In vivo (BALB/c mice) | Suppression of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and microgliosis | [34] |
| Cyperus rotundus and Zingiber officinale | Aerial parts Ethanol/methanol |
In vivo (Wistar rats) | Reduced oxidative stress and AChE levels | [36] |
|
Typha domingensis
|
Whole dried plant parts Methanol and hexane |
In vitro | Anti-AChE Anti-BChE Antioxidant |
[37] |
| Annona cherimola | Fruits Methanol |
In vitro | Anti-AChE | [38] |
|
Syzygium antisepticum
|
Leaves Ethanol/methanol |
In vitro | Anti-AChE Antioxidant |
[39] |
|
Dracaena reflexa
|
Aerial parts and roots Methanol, butanol, and hexane |
In vitro | Anti-tyrosinase Anti-AChE, Antioxidant |
[40] |
| Solanum macrocarpon (L.) | Leaves Methanol and ethyl acetate |
In vitro | Anti-AChE Antioxidant |
[42] |
| Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) | Leaves and roots Water |
In vitro | Anti-tyrosinase Anti-AChE Anti-BChE Antioxidant |
[44] |
|
Artemisia scoparia, Artemisia |
Leaves Water |
In vitro | Anti-BChE | [45] |
| Mentha pulegium (L.) | Whole plant parts Water and methanol |
In vitro | Anti-AChE, Anti-BChE Antioxidant |
[46] |
| Lawsonia inermis | Fruits Methanol and ethyl acetate |
In vitro | Anti-BChE Antioxidant |
[47] |
| Ferula ammoniacum | Aerial parts Ethanol and methanol |
In vivo (Swiss albino mice) | Anti-AChE Anti-BChE Antioxidant |
[48] |
| Ginkgo biloba | Fruits Ethanol, butanol, and dichloromethane |
In vitro | Antioxidant |
[49] |
| Salvia eriophora | Leaves Methanol and water |
In vitro | Anti-AChE Anti-BChE Antioxidant |
[51] |
| Origanum majorana, Origanum onites, Origanum syriacum, Origanum hirtum | Whole plant Ethanol |
In vitro | Anti-AChE Anti-BChE |
[52] |
| Folium perseae | Leaves Ethanol |
In vitro | Antioxidant | [53] |
| Petroselinum crispum | Leaves Water |
In vivo (Wistar albino rats) | Anti-AChE Antioxidant Anti-apoptotic |
[58] |
| Guazuma ulmifolia, Limonium brasiliense, Paullinia cupana, Poincianella pluviosa, Stryphnodendron adstringens and Trichilia catigua | Crude plant extract and ethyl acetate extract | In vitro (SH-SY5Y cell-line) | Anti-AChE, Antioxidant |
[60] |
| Ocimum basilicum (L.) | Leaves Methanol and water |
In vivo (mice) | Anti-AChE Antioxidant Anti-apoptotic |
[61] |
|
Stenocereus pruinosus
|
Aerial parts Methanol |
In vitro | Anti-amyloid | [95] |
|
Pandanus amaryllifolius
|
Leaves Crude alcoholic extract |
In vitro (SH-SY5Y cell-line) | Anti-amyloid β | [98] |
| Carthamus tinctorius (L.) and Taraxacum coreanum | Dry seeds Water |
In vivo (mice) | Inhibit β-secretase and γ-secretase activity in Aβ25–35-infused mice. | [99] |
| Cirsium japonicum | Aerial parts Ethanol |
In vivo (mice) | Antioxidant activity and attenuated lipid peroxidation and NO production. | [101] |