Table 3.
Clinical and nutritional parameters according to CONUT classes.
| Variables | CONUT | CONUT | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal-Mild | Moderate-Severe | ||
| ≤4 (n = 100) | ≥5 (n = 103) | ||
| Gender, male (n, %) | 67 (60.9) | 60 (64.5) | 0.59 |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 63.9 ± 14.3 | 68.7 ± 13.5 | 0.01 |
| Weight, kg (mean ± SD) | 72.6 ± 16.1 | 70.8 ± 16.5 | 0.45 |
| Height, cm (mean ± SD) | 168.8 ± 7.5 | 169.3 ± 9.7 | 0.69 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD) | 25.3 ± 4.9 | 24.6 ± 4.8 | 0.27 |
| Admission type (n, %) | |||
| Elective | 52 (47.7) | 10 (10.9) | <0.0001 |
| Emergency | 57 (52.3) | 82 (89.1) | <0.0001 |
| CCI score (mean ± SD) | 2.7 ± 2.4 | 3.3 ± 2.5 | 0.09 |
| NRS-2002 (n, %) | |||
| >3 | 21 (19.1) | 49 (52.7) | <0.0001 |
| ≤3 | 89 (80.9) | 44 (47.3) | <0.0001 |
| MUST (n, %) | |||
| 0 | 54 (49.1) | 19 (20.4) | <0.0001 |
| 1 | 17 (15.5) | 14 (15.1) | 0.93 |
| ≥2 | 39 (35.5) | 60 (64.5) | <0.0001 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 140.9 ± 2.6 | 138.7 ± 4.6 | 0.0001 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 0.41 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.5 ± 0.6 | 8.8 ± 0.5 | <0.0001 |
| Chlorine (mmol/L) | 104.0 ± 4.6 | 102.5 ± 4.5 | 0.04 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 3.4 ± 0.6 | 0.64 |
| Magnesium (mg/dL) | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 0.57 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 36.5 ± 4.4 | 26.9 ± 5.2 | <0.0001 |
| WBC (109/µL) | 7.4 ± 1.2 | 7.8 ± 0.8 | 0.63 |
| Lymphocytes (109/µL) | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 166.6 ± 9.3 | 120.4 ± 10.1 | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 106.2 ± 7.1 | 71 ± 6.8 | 0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.87 |
| RS risk (n, %) | |||
| Low | 76 (69.1) | 30 (32.3) | <0.0001 |
| Medium | 15 (13.6) | 29 (31.2) | <0.0001 |
| High | 19 (17.3) | 34 (36.5) | <0.0001 |
| RS diagnosis | |||
| Yes | 11 (10.0) | 27 (29.0) | <0.0001 |
| No | 99 (90.0) | 66 (70.9) | <0.0001 |
| Nutritional supplementation within 48 h (n, %) | 27 (24.6) | 47 (50.5) | <0.0001 |
| LOS, days (mean ± SD) | 6.5±4.0 | 9.9±6.4 | <0.0001 |
| In-hospital mortality (n, %) | 2 (1.8) | 7 (7.5) | 0.049 |
| Re-admission within 30 days (n, %) | 8 (7.3) | 5 (5.4) | 0.58 |
Abbreviations: CONUT, controlling nutritional status; BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; NRS, nutritional risk score; MUST, malnutrition universal screening tool; RS, refeeding syndrome; ONS, oral nutritional supplements; LOS, length of hospital stay; SD, standard deviation. Serum laboratory data are at admission. Calcium (mg/dL) is considered as the total serum calcium (calcium bound to albumin).