Figure 4.

Signal transduction pathways triggered by endocannabinoids and congeners. Abbreviations: AEA—N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide); 2-AG—2-arachidonoylglycerol; 2-LG—2-linoleoylglycerol; PEA—N-palmitoylethanolamine; LEA—N-linoleoylethanolamine; OEA—N-oleoylethanolamine; 2-OG—2-oleoyglycerol; LPI—lysophosphatidic acid; NADA—N-arachidonoyldopamine; OLDA—N-oleoyldopamine; PLC—phospholipase C; PKC—protein kinase C; ROCK—Rho-associated protein kinase; MAPK—mitogen-activated protein kinase; cAMP—cyclic AMP; PKA—protein kinase A; PI3K—phosphatidylinositol (phosphoinositide) 3-kinase; Akt—α-serine/threonine-protein kinase; ERK—extracellular signal-regulated kinase; JNK—c-Jun N-terminal kinase; GPR55—G protein-coupled receptor 55; CB_1/2—cannabinoid receptor 1/2; TRPV1—transient receptor potential vanilloid 1. Modified from ref. [25].