Table 1.

Summary of the current progress of AIEgen-based nanomaterials for bacterial imaging, detection, and therapy.

Serial Number	Type of Nanomaterial	Protocol	Application	Reference
1	Nanoparticle of polymer-based NIR-II AIEgens (PDTPTBT)	NIR-II imaging-guided PTT	Subcutaneous abscess and diabetic skin infection	[60]
2	Polymeric antimicrobial catiomer-based AIEgens	Electrostatic interaction	Biodegradable antibacterial agents and bacterial detection	[62]
3	Zwitterionic polymer nanoparticle-based AIEgens	Inactivation of bacteria by generating ROS under acidic conditions	Antibacterial under acidic infection sites	[112]
4	AIE nanoparticle by self-assembly	PTT and PDT of pathogens by producing 1O2 and heat	Accelerate S. aureus-infected wound healing	[125]
5	Nanomaterial based on MSNs loading AMO, PGEDA, and TPE-(COOH)4	Bacterial imaging and antibacterial action with TPE-(COOH)4 and release of AMO	Antibacterial and bacterial detection	[126]
6	Nanoparticles with loading ciprofloxacin and AIEgens	Accurate delivery of antibiotics and dynamic monitoring	Intracellular bacterial infection	[73]
7	Organosilica nanoparticles loading rifampicin and NIR AIEgens	Imaging-guided synergistic photodynamic/antibiotic therapy	Bacterial imaging and killing	[77]
8	Ciprofloxacin-based nanodrugs with AIE	Bacterial imaging and antibacterial action with AIE-active luminogens and drugs	Combating drug-resistant bacterial infections	[127]
9	AIE-active probe based antimicrobial peptide (AMPs)	Real-time monitoring bactericidal process	Investigation of the bactericidal mechanism of AMPs	[98]
10	AIEgen-peptide-based fluorescent bioprobe specific to caspase-1	Caspase-1 activation and bacteria killing with ROS	Detection and elimination of intracellular bacteria	[90]
11	Human defensin-6 mimic peptide (HDMP) based AIEgens	Bacteria are trapped by fibrous networks and monitoring	MRSA-induced bacteraemia	[95]
12	MIL-100 (Fe) nanoparticles loading D-AzAla	Bacteria metabolic labelling and precise bacteria killing with PD	Precise bacterial detection and therapy	[98]
13	Conjugating gold nanoclusters and daptomycin	Destroy the bacterial membrane and DNA with daptomycin and ROS	MDR bacterial infection	[104]
14	A tetraphenylethylene-based discrete organoplatinum (II) metallacycle	Photodynamic inactivation with ROS generation and strong membrane-intercalating ability	Control of bacterial infections, especially for Gram-negative bacteria	[128]
15	AIE bioconjugate-based phage	Specifically targets, infects, and kills bacteria via phages and ROS	Antibiotic-sensitive and MDR bacteria-infected wounds	[113]
16	AIEgen intercalated nanoclay-based	Photodynamic/chemodynamic theranostics by generating 1O2 and •OH	P. aeruginosa-infected subcutaneous wounds	[81]
17	Peptide-engineered AIE nanofibers	Synergistic antibacterial activities of the ROS and peptides	Precise adjustment of antibacterial activities and bacterially infected wound healing	[124]
18	AIEgen-loaded nanofibrous membrane	Sunlight-triggered photodynamic/photothermal antipathogen	Interception of pathogenic droplets and aerosols	[129]
19	Nanoparticles-based nanographene oxide and AIEgen	Photothermal/photodynamic synergistic antibacterial	Bacterial tracer and killer	[130]