Table 1.

Traditional uses of different parts of Cannabis sativa.

Plant Part	Traditional Use	Preparation	Administration	Reference
Seed	Nutrition	Powder	Oral	[59]
Seed	Narcotic, painkiller, treat nausea and vomiting, stimulate appetite in AIDS patients, hepatitis C, anxiety, seizure, muscle relaxants, anticancer and weight control	ND	ND	[60]
Seed	Hair fortification	Powder	External	[61]
Seed	Analgesic, antiarthritic and antirheumatic	Oil	External	[62]
Leaf	Eczema	Powder	External	[61]
Leaf	Bloating, cough, mucus	Leaf juice	Oral	[63]
Leaf	Central nervous system (CNS) depressant, gout, arthritic pain	Powder	Oral	[64]
Leaf	Schizophrenia-like psychotic problems	Oil	External	[65]
Leaf	Gastric disorders	ND	ND	[66]
Leaf	Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, circulatory system and blood disorders	Juice, paste or powder	ND	[62]
Inflorescence	Sedative, dysentery, diarrhea and appetite loss	ND	Oral	[62]
Stem	Firewood or torch wood	Raw	ND	[62]
Stem	Construction, materials, dress, papermaking, making ropes	Raw	ND	[5]
Seed, flower	Hair care	ND	ND	[67]
Leaf, inflorescence	Soporific, abortifacient	ND	ND	[68]
Leaf, root	Cancer, hypertension, antidote to poison, itch, rheumatoid arthritis	ND	ND	[66]
Root	Fever	Maceration	External	[69]
Root	Gout, arthritis	Boiled roots	External (cataplasm)	[70]
Root	Joint pain	Decoction	External (cataplasm)	[70]
Root	Skin burns	Raw or decoction mixed with butter	External (topical)	[70]
Root	Inflammation	Boiled roots, decoction	External (cataplasm)	[70]
Root	Childbirth, postpartum, hemorrhage	Decoction	Oral	[70]
Root	Erysipelas, toxins and infections	Pulverized and mixed with wine	Oral/external	[70]
Whole plant	Pain, gastric disorders, diabetes, scars and asthma	ND	ND	[71]