Table 5.

Studies Assessing the Administration of Corticosteroids in Patients with CAPA.

Assessment	Type/Number of Patients	Conclusion	Cort. vs. Non-Cort. Mortality
Cochrane (2021) [53]	Meta-analysis/7989 patients	Probable decrease in mortality	RR = 0.89 (0.80–1.00)
Li H et al. (2021) [54]	Meta-analysis/6772 patients	Decrease in mortality	OR = 0.70 (0.54–0.92)
Chong et al. (2022) [55]	Meta-analysis/729 patients	No increase in mortality	OR = 0.69 (0.19–2.58)
Chaharom et al. (2022) [56]	Meta-analysis/18,190 patients	No overall decrease in mortality Decrease in mortality in RCT	OR = 1.12 (0.83–1.50) OR = 0.80 (0.73–0.88)
Moreno et al. (2021) [57]	Retrospective/1853 ventilated patients	Increase in mortality > 17 days No increase in VAP	HR = 0.53 (0.39–0.72) HR = 1.68 (1.16–2.45) OR = 1.05 (0.83–1.34)
Leistner et al. (2022) [58]	Retrospective/529 patients	Increased risk of CAPA	OR = 3.11 (1.11–8.69)
Søvik et al. (2022) [60]	Prospective/156 patients	Increased risk of superinfection	OR = 3.7 (1.80–7.61)

HR, hazard ratio; IAPA, OR, odds ratio; RCT, randomized controlled trial; VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia.