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. 2023 Mar 4;16(3):391. doi: 10.3390/ph16030391

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Heart weights after 14 days of ISO challenge in male or female intact mice pre-exposed to DOX. LV mass was assessed with echocardiography prior to and after the last ISO injection in (A) male (n = 6–7) and (C) female (n = 7) mice. Heart weight-to-tibia length was assessed at the end of the ISO challenge in (B) males (n = 5–9) and (D) females (n = 6–9). Values are represented as means ± SEM. Statistical significance of pairwise comparisons was determined using two-way ANOVA with Šidák’s post hoc analysis. Statistical significance was noted when p < 0.05 for comparisons between ISO and saline (*) and DOX vs control (#). Abbreviations: DOX, doxorubicin; ISO, isoproterenol; LV, left ventricle.