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COS–5 and N–5 against acrolein-induced oxidative stress. ARPE-19 cells were treated with 400 μM COS–5 or N–5 for 48 h and then treated with acrolein for an additional 24 h. Cellular ROS generation (A), ROS level in mitochondria (B), GSH level (C), GPx (D) and SOD activities (E). The data expressed as ratio relative to controls. Values are mean ± SD of five separate experiments. ## p < 0.01 vs. control (no acrolein, no COS–5 and N–5); ** p < 0.01 vs. acrolein.
