Table 1.
Markers of endothelial progenitor cells in clinical trials.
| Marker | Clinical Trials (Analyzed Disease) | Clinical Issue | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|
| cKit+ | COVID-19 and bioprosthetic total artificial heart implantation, glioblastoma growth glioblastoma | Atherosclerosis, angiogenesis in cancer, vasculogenesis in cardiovascular diseases | 33205351, 24311637, 20821342 |
| CD19+ | COVID-19 and bioprosthetic total artificial heart implantation | Vasculogenesis in cardiovascular diseases | 33205351 |
| CD31+ | Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma, ovarian cancer, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, ovarian or peritoneal cancer, epithelial ovarian cancer, metastatic pancreatic cancer, stent implantation | Angiogenesis in cancer, angiogenic sprouting and vessel permeability, tumor microvessel density, microvascularization, metastasis, injury by implantation | 34921022, 33103699, 29059426, 26210785, 20870280, 20388201, 20130876, 25915510 |
| CD34+ | COVID-19 and bioprosthetic total artificial heart implantation, epithelial ovarian cancer, metastatic pancreatic cancer, hypoxic stress, arterial erectile dysfunction | Vasculogenesis in cardiovascular diseases, metastasis, injury by hypoxia, cavernous arterial insufficiency | 33205351, 20388201, 20130876, 27761657, 21868743 |
| CD45+ | COVID-19 and bioprosthetic total artificial heart implantation, electronic cigarettes | Vasculogenesis in cardiovascular diseases, increase of endothelial progenitor cells | 33205351, 27693003 |
| CD14+ | Angiogenic Homeostasis in Diabetes¸ hypoxic stress, electronic cigarettes | Injury in diabetes, injury by hypoxia, increase of endothelial progenitor cells | 31102457, 27761657, 27693003 |
| CD105+ | Epithelial ovarian cancer, ovarian cancer | Cancer angiogenesis, neoangiogenesis | 20388201, 19135712 |
| CD144/VE-cadherin+ | Atrial fibrillation, electronic cigarettes¸ oxidative stress and hypoxia by extreme altitude, stent implantation, arterial erectile dysfunction, ingestion of saturated fatty acids | Protrombotic injury, increase of endothelial progenitor cells, injury by hypoxia and oxidative stress, injury by implantation, cavernous arterial insufficiency, injury by saturated fatty acids | 33237804, 27693003, 26820158, 25915510, 21868743, 19846183 |
| CD146+ | Mediterranean diet with nuts (MedDiet-nuts), coronary artery disease, metastatic colorectal cancer, coronary intervention | Cardiovascular risk, stress-induced arteriogenesis, prognosis, extent of endothelial injury |
27052787, 23056467, 21825101, 20846600 |
| CD45- | Metastatic pancreatic cancer, arterial erectile dysfunction | Metastasis formation, cavernous arterial insufficiency | 20130876, 21868743 |
| CD146- | Cancer therapy | Prognosis | 22028623 |
| Tie2- | Angiogenesis in glioblastoma | Cancer angiogenesis | 20821342 |
| vWF+ | Hematological malignancy | Thrombosis and bleeding complications. | 31390488 |
| VEGFR2+ | Angiogenesis in glioblastoma, tumor shrinkage clear-cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, acute myeloid leukemia, advanced cancer | Cancer angiogenesis | 20821342, 20215520, 19284623, 19188183, 17169805, 15867205 |
| Flk-1 | Metastatic breast cancer, seasonal allergic rhinitis | Tumor progression, angiogenesis in patients with asthma | 17651148, 22585426 |