Table 1.
Current findings: obesity and cancer therapeutics
| Study | Cancer type | Subjects | Study design | Intervention | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Cohen et al. [74] | Ovarian/endometrial | F (n = 45) | Randomized case-controlled | Ketogenic diet | Ketogenic diet resulted in fat loss but retention in lean mass. Increased circulating ketones are suggested to be inhospitable to tumor microenvironment. |
| Cortesi et al. [75] | Breast | F (n = 430), obese | Single-arm, experimental | Weight loss, physical activity | Improved survival outcomes in obese women following a lifestyle intervention including weight loss and physical activity |
| Wang et al. [76▪▪] | LLC | C57BL/6 mice, HFD-fed, injected with LLC | In vivo | Aspirin | Aspirin reduced tumor growth in obese mice via targeting of glucose and glutamine metabolism |
| Pabona et al. [77] | Endometrial | Endometrial tumor cells derived from obese-nondiabetic women | In vitro | Metformin | Metformin-treated EC tumor cells showed increased antitumor biomarkers via altered signaling |
| Guo et al. [78] | Endometrial | LKB1fl/fl p53fl/fl mouse model of endometrial cancer | In vivo | Metformin | Metformin reversed upregulation of lipid and protein biosynthesis in obese mice |
| Dos Santos et al. [79] | Melanoma | Female HFD-fed mice | In vivo | Physical Activity | Tumor growth rate reduced with implementation of an exercise regimen |
| Zell et al. [80] | Colorectal | M (n = 23);F (n = 9), obese nondiabetic | Phase II clinical trial | Metformin | No differences in premetformin versus postmetformin rectal tissue mucosa following 12-week intervention |
| Jiang et al. [81] | Pancreatic | Human pancreatic BxPC-3 and CFPAC-1 cells | In vitro | Adiponectin | Activation of adiponectin signaling attenuates cell proliferation and β-catenin signaling |
| Shafa et al. [82] | Endometrial | Obese woman, 54 years old | Case study | Surgery | Combination of a hysterectomy and bariatric surgery resulted in sustained weight loss and improved tumor pathology |
| Demark-Wahnefried et al. [83] | Breast | F (n = 32), obese | Single blind, two-arm, randomized case-controlled | Weight Loss | Inconsistent effects caloric restriction of circulating cancer-related biomarkers. Improvement of P13K signaling and apoptotic gene expression after physical activity |
| Hsieh et al. [84] | Breast | 4T1 breast cancer cells | In vitro | Aspirin | Aspirin attenuated breast cancer cell growth and migration by inhibiting obesity-induced inflammation |
| Hao et al. [55] | Prostate | LAPC-4-implanted mice | In vivo | Arctigenin | Arctigenin inhibits tumor growth in HF-fed mice. Induced reduction in serum FFA and subcutaneous fat depots |
| Yang et al. [85] | Obesity-related Cancers | Review | Herbal Medications | Review discusses novel findings regarding the antiproliferative effects of herbal medications including PD-L1 and resveratrol in obesity-related cancers | |
| Kato et al. [86] | Colorectal | C57BL/KsJ–db/db mice | In vivo | Tofogliflozin | Suppression of colorectal cancer tumorigenesis after SGLT2-inhibitor treatment in azoxymethane-injected obese mice |
Recent publications exploring cancer therapeutics in obese populations. EC, endometrial cancer; F, female; FFA, free fatty acid; HF, high fat; HFD, high-fat diet; LLC, Lewis lung carcinoma; M, male; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; SGLT2, sodium-glucose transport protein 2.