Table 3.
Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC and MBC) of ethanolic leaf extract, hexane fraction, and 11 isolated compounds of X. stuhlmannii.
| Microbial Organisms | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test Substance | Parameters | PA | SA | EC | KP | SF | SD | Stm | St | Se |
| Leaf extract | MIC | 250 | >500 | >500 | >500 | >500 | >500 | >500 | >500 | 250 |
| MBC | 500 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 500 | |
| MBC/MIC | 2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2 | |
| Hexane fraction | MIC | >500 | >500 | >500 | >500 | >500 | 125 | >500 | >500 | >500 |
| MBC | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 250 | ND | ND | ND | |
| MBC/MIC | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2 | ND | ND | ND | |
| 12 | MIC | >125 | 125 | 62.5 | >125 | >125 | >125 | 125 | >125 | >125 |
| MBC | ND | 250 | 250 | ND | ND | ND | 250 | ND | ND | |
| MBC/MIC | ND | 2 | 4 | ND | ND | ND | 2 | ND | ND | |
| 3 | MIC | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | 125 | 125 | >125 | 62.5 | >125 |
| MBC | ND | ND | ND | ND | 250 | 250 | ND | 250 | ND | |
| MBC/MIC | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2 | 2 | ND | 4 | ND | |
| 10 | MIC | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | 125 | >125 | >125 |
| MBC | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 250 | ND | ND | |
| MBC/MIC | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2 | ND | ND | |
| 6 | MIC | >125 | >125 | >125 | 125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 |
| MBC | ND | ND | ND | 250 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| MBC/MIC | ND | ND | ND | 2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| 8 | MIC | >125 | 62.5 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | 125 | >125 |
| MBC | ND | 250 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 250 | ND | |
| MBC/MIC | ND | 4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2 | ND | |
| 2 | MIC | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | 125 | 125 | 125 | >125 |
| MBC | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 250 | 250 | 250 | ND | |
| MBC/MIC | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2 | 2 | 2 | ND | |
| 13 | MIC | >125 | >125 | >125 | 125 | 125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 |
| MBC | ND | ND | ND | 250 | 250 | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| MBC/MIC | ND | ND | ND | 2 | 2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| 11 | MIC | >125 | 62.5 | 125 | 62.5 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 |
| MBC | ND | 250 | 250 | 250 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| MBC/MIC | ND | 4 | 2 | 4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| Amoxicillin | MIC | 0.5 | ||||||||
| MBC | 1 | |||||||||
| MBC/MIC | 2 | |||||||||
| Cipro | MIC | 1 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| MBC | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||
| MBC/MIC | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0.125 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | ||
Values are expressed (µg/mL) as means ± SEM.; PA: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC01); SA: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25922); ECs: Escherichia coli (ATCC10536); KP: Klessiella pneumonae (ATCC13883); SF: Shigella flexineri; SD: Shigella dysenteria; Stm: Salmonella typhimurium; ST: Salmonella typhi (ATCC6539); SE: Salmonella enteritidis. ND: not determined. MIC = Minimum inhibitory concentration; MBC = Minimum bactericidal concentration; MBC/MIC; The ratio MBC/MIC determine the bactericidal (MBC/MIC ≤ 4) or bacteriostatic (MBC/MIC > 4) effects of extracts. Cipro: Ciprofloxacin, Amox: Amoxicillin.