Extended Data Table 3.

Amplitude of amino acids shifts (Å) after 1ps photoactivation

Rhodopsin structures from the 1 ps and 100 ps time-delay of photoactivation datasets were compared to the dark state structure obtained by SFX. A list of the amino acids changing of position (first column) is related to the amplitude of the local shift (in Å) at the side chain and main chain of molecules a (second column) or b (third column) of the asymmetric unit after 1 ps. The fourth column documents if the displacement after 1 ps of photoactivation reset or persist after 100 ps. Remarkable changes of water occupancy at the same position are mentioned. The ancestral counterion is E181 (ref. ⁸) and Y191 and Y268 are part of its surrounding tyrosine cage¹⁰⁵.