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. 2023 Mar 29;615(7954):874–883. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 2 — The top two maps show the urban-rural difference in age-standardised mean height in 2020 for girls and boys resepectively. A positive number shows higher urban mean height and a negative number shows higher rural mean height. The bottom two maps show the change from 1990 to 2020. The density plot below each map shows the distribution of estimates across countries. The top two scatter plots show the urban-rural difference in age-standardised mean height in relation to the uncertainty of the difference measured by posterior s.d. The bottom two scatter plots show the change from 1990 to 2020 in urban-rural difference in mean height in relation to the uncertainty of the change measured by posterior s.d. Each point in the scatter plots shows one country. Shaded areas approximately show the posterior probability (PP) of a true difference (top two scatter plots) and of a true increase or decrease in difference (bottom two scatter plots). See Extended Data Fig. 8 for PPs of the urban-rural difference in age-standardised mean height and its change. See Supplementary Fig. 7 for results at ages 5, 10, 15 and 19 years. We did not estimate the difference between rural and urban height for countries classified as entirely urban (Bermuda, Kuwait, Nauru and Singapore) or entirely rural (Tokelau), as indicated in grey.