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Biocompatibility testing of PAA@MPDA NPs. (a) H&E-stained major organ slices harvested from various mouse groups. Scale bar = 100 μm. (b) AST and ALT levels in the serum of mice after intrarectal administration of 2.5% DSS, 100 μL of saline, SAP and PAA@MPDA NPs (dose 10 mg kg−1 mice), respectively. (c–g) Blood parameters from various mouse groups. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 8) (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001; NS not significant).
