Table 1.
General characteristics of study participants across energy-adjusted quartiles of riboflavin intake (n = 3362).
| Quartiles of riboflavin intake | Pa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (n = 840) (< 1.6 mg/d) |
Q2 (n = 841) (1.6–1.82 mg/d) |
Q3 (n = 841) (1.83–2.09 mg/d) |
Q4 (n = 840) (> 2.09 mg/d) |
||
| Age (years) | 35.55 ± 7.82 | 35.92 ± 7.74 | 36.15 ± 7.80 | 37.52 ± 7.97 | < 0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 68.07 ± 12.79 | 68.03 ± 14.31 | 67.99 ± 12.23 | 70.52 ± 13.16 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.65 ± 3.72 | 24.58 ± 3.92 | 24.87 ± 3.82 | 25.51 ± 3.74 | < 0.001 |
| Female (%) | 57.4 | 57.2 | 60.8 | 57.7 | 0.40 |
| Marital status (%) | 0.48 | ||||
| Married | 80.3 | 82.3 | 80.8 | 83.3 | |
| Single | 18.0 | 16.2 | 17.7 | 14.6 | |
| Divorced/widow | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 2.1 | |
| Education (%) | 0.94 | ||||
| Under diploma | 12.4 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 12.2 | |
| Diploma | 27.6 | 27.8 | 25.4 | 26.9 | |
| Above diploma and under master's | 52.7 | 53.0 | 55.2 | 52.9 | |
| Master's and above | 7.3 | 8.1 | 6.9 | 7.9 | |
| Family members (%) | 0.18 | ||||
| ≤ 4 | 85.8 | 86.8 | 89.3 | 87.3 | |
| > 4 | 14.2 | 13.2 | 10.7 | 12.7 | |
| House possession (yes) (%) | 52.4 | 60.9 | 55.9 | 63.9 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 2.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 0.07 |
| Anti-depressants medications useb (%) | 5.2 | 6.7 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 0.46 |
| Dietary supplement usec (%) | 29.8 | 29.0 | 30.9 | 30.4 | 0.85 |
| Smokers (%) | 13.3 | 15.2 | 12.4 | 14.3 | 0.36 |
| Physically activity (%) | 0.18 | ||||
| < 1 h/week | 85.7 | 87.5 | 88.6 | 85.5 | |
| ≥ 1 h/week | 14.3 | 12.5 | 11.4 | 14.5 | |
| Obesed (%) | 42.6 | 42.7 | 42.7 | 51.2 | < 0.001 |
All values are means ± standard deviation (SD), unless indicated.
aObtained from ANOVA for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables.
bAnti-depressants medications include nortriptyline, amitriptyline or imipramine, fluoxetine, citalopram, fluvoxamine and sertraline.
cDietary supplements include iron, calcium, vitamins and other dietary supplements.
dBMI ≥ 25(kg/m2).