Table 3.

Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for depression, anxiety and psychological distress across energy-adjusted quartiles of riboflavin intake in whole population (n = 3362).

	Quartiles of riboflavin intake				Ptrend
	Q1 (n = 840) (< 1.6 mg/d)	Q2 (n = 841) (1.6–1.82 mg/d)	Q3 (n = 841) (1.83–2.09 mg/d)	Q4 (n = 840) (> 2.09 mg/d)
Depression
Crude	1 (Ref.)	0.87 (0.71–1.08)	0.78 (0.63–0.96)	0.66 (0.54–0.83)	< 0.001
Model 1	1 (Ref.)	0.85 (0.68–1.07)	0.73 (0.57–0.91)	0.66 (0.52–0.83)	< 0.001
Model 2	1 (Ref.)	0.83 (0.65–1.05)	0.73 (0.58–0.93)	0.65 (0.51–0.83)	< 0.001
Model 3	1 (Ref.)	0.82 (0.64–1.05)	0.73 (0.56–0.94)	0.65 (0.49–0.86)	0.01
Model 4	1 (Ref.)	0.82 (0.63–1.05)	0.71 (0.55–0.92)	0.66 (0.49–0.88)	0.01
Anxiety
Crude	1 (Ref.)	0.78 (0.59–1.03)	0.77 (0.59–1.02)	0.67 (0.51–0.89)	0.01
Model 1	1 (Ref.)	0.70 (0.52–0.95)	0.69 (0.51–0.93)	0.68 (0.51–0.92)	0.01
Model 2	1 (Ref.)	0.67 (0.49–0.92)	0.73 (0.53–0.99)	0.67 (0.49–0.93)	0.03
Model 3	1 (Ref.)	0.65 (0.47–0.91)	0.70 (0.50–0.97)	0.65 (0.45–0.94)	0.04
Model 4	1 (Ref.)	0.66 (0.47–0.92)	0.68 (0.48–0.95)	0.64 (0.44–0.94)	0.03
Psychological distress
Crude	1 (Ref.)	0.94 (0.76–1.18)	0.79 (0.63–0.99)	0.69 (0.55–0.87)	0.01
Model 1	1 (Ref.)	0.95 (0.75–1.21)	0.78 (0.61–0.99)	0.75 (0.58–0.96)	0.01
Model 2	1 (Ref.)	0.92 (0.71–1.18)	0.78 (0.61–1.01)	0.73 (0.56–0.94)	0.01
Model 3	1 (Ref.)	0.87 (0.67–1.13)	0.73 (0.55–0.95)	0.66 (0.49–0.89)	0.01
Model 4	1 (Ref.)	0.87 (0.67–1.13)	0.71 (0.54–0.94)	0.65 (0.48–0.89)	0.01

Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex and energy intake; Model 2: Further adjustment for physical activity, smoking, marital status, education, household size, house possession, diabetes, use of anti-depressant medications and dietary supplements; Model 3: Additional controlling for dietary intakes of fat, n-3 fatty acids, iron, thiamin; Model 4: Further adjusted for BMI.