Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants.
| Overall | Study participants | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Matched controls | ||
| Characteristics | (n = 1,762,906) | (n = 881,453) | (n = 881,453) |
| Age, years | 64.2 (16.0) | 64.2 (16.0) | 64.2 (16.0) |
| Age intervals | |||
| < 40 years | 142,935 (8.1) | 71,467 (8.1) | 71,468 (8.1) |
| 40–49 years | 172,707 (9.8) | 86,354 (9.8) | 86,353 (9.8) |
| 50–59 years | 293,100 (16.6) | 146,550 (16.6) | 146,550 (16.6) |
| 60–69 years | 386,470 (21.9) | 193,234 (21.9) | 193,236 (21.9) |
| 70–79 years | 476,544 (27.1) | 238,246 (27.1) | 238,298 (27.1) |
| ≥ 80 years | 291,150 (16.5) | 145,602 (16.5) | 145,548 (16.5) |
| Sex | |||
| Men | 1,006,266 (57.1) | 503,177 (57.1) | 503,089 (57.1) |
| Women | 756,640 (42.9) | 378,276 (42.9) | 378,364 (42.9) |
| Residential area | |||
| Metropolitan | 717,193 (40.7) | 369,612 (41.9) | 347,581 (39.4) |
| Large city | 429,804 (24.4) | 213,604 (24.3) | 216,200 (24.5) |
| Small city and rural area | 615,909 (34.9) | 298,237 (33.8) | 317,672 (36.1) |
| Income quartiles | |||
| First quartile (lowest) | 420,551 (23.9) | 224,921 (25.5) | 195,630 (22.2) |
| Second quartile | 329,474 (18.7) | 162,918 (18.5) | 166,556 (18.9) |
| Third quartile | 432,303 (24.5) | 210,633 (23.9) | 221,670 (25.1) |
| Fourth quartile (highest) | 580,578 (32.9) | 282,981 (32.1) | 297,597 (33.8) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 1,021,250 (57.9) | 658,096 (74.7) | 363,154 (41.2) |
| Diabetes | 592,795 (33.6) | 426,989 (48.4) | 165,806 (18.8) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 288,602 (16.4) | 206,601 (23.4) | 82,001 (9.3) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 254,739 (14.5) | 177,895 (20.2) | 76,844 (8.7) |
| Dyslipidemia | 681,790 (38.7) | 458,702 (52.0) | 223,088 (25.3) |
| Affected family member | |||
| CKD | 135,353 (7.7) | 80,666 (9.2) | 54,687 (6.2) |
| ESRD | 55,334 (3.1) | 34,299 (3.9) | 21,035 (2.4) |
Data are presented as means (standard deviation) or numbers (percentages).
CKD chronic kidney disease, ESRD end-stage renal disease.