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. 2022 Jun 18;24(3):469–478. doi: 10.1007/s10198-022-01486-2

Table 2.

Baseline values 2017: mean values and differences of primary outcome variables before (left) and after (right) matching for the control and the treatment group

Before matching After matching
Control group Treatment group Difference Control group Treatment group Difference
Guideline-adherent care
 All four measures fulfilled (0/1) 0.18 0.20 0.01 0.17 0.20 0.03
 ≥ 2 HbA1c measurements (yearly) (0/1) 0.81 0.81 0.00 0.80 0.81 0.01
 Lipid profile (yearly) (0/1) 0.63 0.65 0.02 0.62 0.64 0.02
 Nephropathy status (yearly) or ACE (0/1) 0.39 0.47 0.08c 0.37 0.47 0.10c
 Ophthalmologist (every two years) (0/1) 0.67 0.62 – 0.05a 0.62 0.62 0.00
Hospitalization risk
 ≥ 1 inpatient hospitalization (0/1) 0.24 0.19 – 0.04a 0.19 0.19 0.01
Health care costs (CHF)
 Total 11,450 8783 – 2667c 9258 8456 – 802
 Outpatient 8213 6814 – 1400c 7047 6648 – 400
 Inpatient (excl. rehab and nursing homes) 1823 1340 – 483a 1323 1279 – 44

538 treatment cases in raw data, 530 treatment cases in the matched sample (8 not matched), 5050 control cases. 0/1 Dummy variables, Values indicate shares of patients

ACE Angiotensin-converting enzyme, CHF Swiss Francs

a,b,cStatistically significant difference at 5, 1 and 0.1% level, respectively, based on a t test