TABLE 2.
Different polymer-based dendrimer generation and results of the study.
| Dendrimer type | Drug used | Result of study | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poly (amidoamine) | Paclitaxel | Developed FA-PMA-PAMAM dendrimers that are pH sensitive and release the drug acidic tumor microenvironment via active and passive targeting | Shen et al. (2012) |
| DOX | Dendrimer complexes would be able to deliver a significantly higher amount of drugs to brain tumors, resulting in more successful therapeutic outcomes | Li and Xu (2005) | |
| Docetaxel | Hybrid dendrimer that can cause toxicity in U87MGMG glioblastoma cell line but non-toxic on control cells | Zhang et al. (2011) | |
| paclitaxel | Improve the penetration of paclitaxel 12 times greater through brain endothelial cells | Gupta et al. (2010) | |
| Apoptin | Phenylalanine, histidine and arginine decorated PAMAM dendrimer loaded with apoptin that induce apoptosis in primary glioma cell lines | Lockman et al. (2003) | |
| Emcyt and Podofilox | In order to increase the efficacy of D-PODO and D-EM, the sequence of the release which would lead to sustained action | Ulbrich et al. (2011) | |
| Pentapeptide | PAMAM modified with CREKA penetrate deeply into GBM tissues and enhance retention | Huang et al. (2008) | |
| Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) | TSPO-targeted G (4)-PAMAM-FITC dendrimer targets the mitochondria of gliomas 6 cells and quickly taken up by the endocytosis pathway | Xu et al. (2014) | |
| RNA (siRNA) and Adriamycin | Dendrimers can be used to administer drugs and siRNA to cancer cells that are resistant to anticancer drugs | (Abbott et al., 2010) | |
| Doxorubicin | Poly (2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) modified G3-PAMAM dendrimer enhanced tumor targeting in U-87 tumor mouse model with reduced toxicity | Ban et al. (2021) | |
| Doxorubicin | iRGD-modified G4 PAMAM dendrimer via enhanced permeability increases DOX accumulation in tumor and decreases tumor diameter | Wang et al. (2014) | |
| Doxorubicin | Folic acid conjugated borneol modified G-5 PAMAM dendrimers increase accumulation of DOX in C6 glioma xenograft rat model with prolonged survival time | Xu et al. (2016) | |
| Cy5-NHS ester | Galactose, mannose and glucose decrorated PAMAM dendrimers significantly enhance tumor-associated macrophages and microglia targeting via increasing brain penetration and cellular internalization | Sharma et al. (2021) | |
| Carbosilane | siRNA | Crossing the BBB without cytotoxicity | (Kim et al., 2018) |
| SiRNA (HIV-1 Nef silencing) | Gene silencing in human astrocytes without causing toxicity | Serramía et al. (2015) | |
| Poly (L-lysine) | HSV-TK and angiopep-2 | High transfection efficiency, good biodegradability, anti-glioma effect and increase survival chances in human GBM animal model | Igartúa et al. (2018) |
| TRAIL and HSV-TK | PPL-PEI combination therapy provides cost-effective treatment in GBM treatment | Swami et al. (2015) | |
| Curcumin | A Poly (L-lysine) dendrimer complex that can be used to enhance RNAi therapeutics and nanomedicine for brain tumors | (Braun et al., 2005) | |
| Minocycline | Neuroinflammation is reduced at lower doses | (Dufes et al., 2005) | |
| Poly (propyleneimine) | Doxylamine and Sodium deoxycholic acid | Reduced cytotoxicity and sustained drug release with formulations that increase drug loading capacity | Shen et al. (2012) |
| β-Galactosidase and Hepcidin | A gene delivery system that utilizes a polypropylenimine dendrimer bearing transferrin which is highly promising | Demeule et al. (2008) | |
| Peptide dendrimers | N1-butyl and N1-aminopentane tryptophan Peptide dendrimers | Terminal functionalized (N1-butyl and N1-aminopentane tryptophan) amphiphilic peptide dendrimers have high ROS scavenging activity with GBM cells killing potential and 85–95% retaining of viable astrocytes in brain | Sowińska et al. (2022) |
| Histidine, nitro-arginine or proline functionalized ornithine dendrimers | Dendrimers have targeted cytotoxicity on glioblastoma cell lines U87 and T98G | Cieślak et al. (2020) | |
| Triazine-Phosphorus dendrimers | copper (II) or gold (III) complexes and branched hydrophobic fragment bearing dendrimers | Showed higher cytotoxicity on glioblastoma stem cells (BTSC233, JHH520, NCH644, and SF188 as compared with temozolomide | Apartsin et al. (2022) |
| phosphorus dendron-micelles | Showed moderate anti-proliferative activity in glioblastoma cell lines U87 | Qiu et al. (2021) | |
| Polyether-copolyester dendrimers | MTX-loaded glucosylated and non-glucosylated dendrimers | Glycosylated MTX polyether-polyester dendrimers showed good permeability in BBB and endocytosed effectively in U87 MG and U 343 MGa cells | Dhanikula et al. (2008) |
| Amphiphilic glycodendrimers | Terminally functionalized with mannose and glucose | Showed effective cellular uptake in microglia and astrocytes and cancer cells | Zhang et a.,2022 |
FA-PMA-PAMAM, Folic acid conjugated polymethacrylate polyamidoamineD-PODO and D-EM- PAMAM dendrimer loaded with natural podophyllotoxin and estramustine respectively; TSPO-targeted G (4)-PAMAM-FITC; translocator protein targeted PAMAM- Fluorescein isothiocyanate; HSV-TK, herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase; PPL-PEI, poly(propylene imine- polyethyleneimine.