Figure 2.

Combination of single cell sequencing, bulk sequencing and multi-omics analysis to dissect TME

Tumor tissue is mixed with various types of cells including fibroblasts, cancer cells and different immune cells. Bulk sequencing of tumor tissue provides average information of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. By analyzing average information, tumor antigen and immune cell ratio can be gained for developing tumor vaccine, immune-related scores, and immune response biomarkers. Single cell analysis helps identify new types of immune cells and further exploration can be conducted in the same type of immune cells through multi-omics analysis and genome-wide functional screening to identify key regulatory genes, proteins and metabolites, which could potentially become new biomarkers and treatment targets. The tumor tissue can also be replaced by other clinical samples including blood, urine, feces, exhaled air and other tissues in the multi-omics analysis. PTMs, post-translational modifications.