Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants by sex.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 195) | Female (n = 112) | Male (n = 83) | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 67.95 (4.01) | 68.03 (4.09) | 67.86 (3.91) | 0.696 |
| Education (years) | 3.66 (3.66) | 1.91 (2.68) | 6.02 (3.49) | <0.001 |
| Ever smoking, n (%) | 63 (32.30) | 1 (0.90) | 62 (74.70) | <0.001 |
| Ever alcohol drinking, n (%) | 81 (41.50) | 9 (8.00) | 72 (86.70) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 17 (8.70) | 13 (11.60) | 4 (4.80) | 0.097 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 45 (23.10) | 32 (28.60) | 13 (15.70) | 0.034 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 130 (66.70) | 75 (67.00) | 55 (66.30) | 0.918 |
| CSVD | ||||
| ICV (ml) | 1,431.03 (128.19) | 1,369.03 (110.93) | 1,514.70 (99.41) | <0.001 |
| Global WMH volume (ml) | 7.68 (10.46) | 7.21 (11.05) | 8.31 (9.63) | 0.247 |
| Periventricular WMH volume (ml) | 6.38 (9.80) | 6.00 (10.50) | 6.89 (8.80) | 0.163 |
| Deep WMH volume (ml) | 1.30 (1.46) | 1.21 (1.36) | 1.41 (1.58) | 0.595 |
| Brain parenchymal volume (L) | 1.09 (0.10) | 1.04 (0.09) | 1.14 (0.08) | <0.001 |
| EPVS | 61.48 (29.93) | 58.05 (28.27) | 66.10 (31.63) | 0.088 |
| Lacunesb | 0.76 (1.93) | 0.56 (1.52) | 1.03 (2.35) | 0.313 |
| Macular microvascular index | ||||
| FAZ area (mm2), OS | 0.59 (0.29) | 0.64 (0.33) | 0.53 (0.20) | 0.030 |
| FAZ area (mm2), OD | 0.58 (0.25) | 0.62 (0.25) | 0.53 (0.24) | 0.004 |
| FD-300 (%), OS | 0.40 (0.04) | 0.40 (0.04) | 0.40 (0.04) | 0.650 |
| FD-300 (%), OD | 0.40 (0.04) | 0.40 (0.04) | 0.39 (0.05) | 0.281 |
| VD (%), OS | 0.43 (0.03) | 0.43 (0.03) | 0.43 (0.03) | 0.411 |
| VD (%), OD | 0.43 (0.03) | 0.43 (0.03) | 0.43 (0.03) | 0.536 |
| VSD (%), OS | 0.15 (0.01) | 0.15 (0.01) | 0.15 (0.01) | 0.142 |
| VSD (%), OD | 0.15 (0.01) | 0.15 (0.01) | 0.15 (0.01) | 0.558 |
| VDI (μm), OS | 33.10 (2.51) | 33.45 (2.78) | 32.62 (2.02) | 0.056 |
| VDI (μm), OD | 32.96 (2.55) | 33.02 (2.74) | 32.89 (2.29) | 0.920 |
Data are mean (standard deviation), unless otherwise specified.
OS, left eye; OD, right eye; ICV, intracranial volume; EPVS, enlarged perivascular space; WMH, white matter hyperintensities; CSVD, cerebral small vessel disease; FAZ, foveal avascular zone; FD-300, foveal vessel density in the 300 μm ring; VD, vessel density; VSD, vessel skeleton density; VDI, vessel diameter index.
a
P-value is for the test of differences between male and female.
b
Data on lacunes were missing in 6 participants.