TABLE 4.
Subgroup analysis of Proton Pump Inhibitor use and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer.
| Stratified by study design | NO. Of studies | Relative risk (95% CI) | I2 (%) | p-Value | Heterogenerty, p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| case-control | 3 | 1.07 (0.87.1.31) | 14 | 0.312 | 0.695 |
| Nested case-control | 4 | 1.36 (0.81.2.28) | 98.8 | 0.000 | |
| Cohort | 4 | 1.15 (0.85.1.54) | 88.9 | 0.000 | |
| Events | |||||
| <1,000 | 4 | 1.31 (0.85.2.04) | 86.1 | 0.000 | 0.682 |
| ≥1,000 | 7 | 1.17 (0.85.1.62) | 97.8 | 0.000 | |
| Population | |||||
| ≥10,000 | 2 | 1.74 (0.87.1.31) | 90.4 | 0.001 | 0.534 |
| <10,000 | 3 | 1.07 (0.77.3.93) | 14.0 | 0.312 | |
| >50,000 | 6 | 1.11 (0.97.1.27) | 81.8 | 0.000 | |
| Mean age | |||||
| <65 | 4 | 1.19 (0.84.1.68) | 88.6 | 0.000 | 0.784 |
| ≥65 | 6 | 1.28 (0.87.1.87) | 98.1 | 0.000 | |
| Region | |||||
| Europe | 5 | 1.06 (0.99.1.13) | 0.0 | 0.726 | 0.233 |
| Asia | 3 | 1.72 (0.96.3.09) | 96.4 | 0.000 | |
| America | 3 | 1.02 (0.87.1.19) | 39.7 | 0.190 | |
| NOS | |||||
| <7 | 1 | 1.70 (0.95.1.55) | 0.0 | - | 0.412 |
| ≥7 | 10 | 1.19 (0.93.1.54) | 97.0 | 0.000 | |
| Rear of publication | |||||
| <2010 | 4 | 1.10 (0.97.1.25) | 0.0 | 0.497 | 0.428 |
| ≥2010 | 7 | 1.27 (0.92.1.73) | 98 | 0.000 | |
| Adjusted for CRC risk | |||||
| Use of NSAIDs/aspirin | 4 | 1.32 (0.80.2.18) | 98.4 | 0.000 | - |
| Body mass index | 3 | 0.99 (0.91.1.09) | 0.0 | 0.566 | - |
| follow-up duration | 2 | 1.10 (0.52.2.31) | 56.3 | 0.13 | - |
| Duration of PPI use | |||||
| ≤1 year | 3 | 1.00 (0.78.1.28) | 63.1 | 0.067 | 0.633 |
| >1 year | 5 | 1.18 (0.91.1.54) | 85.9 | 0 | |
| ≥5 years | 6 | 1.06 (0.95, 1.17) | 17.7 | 0.299 |