TABLE 2.
Potential biomarkers identified in proteomics studies.
| Biomarker | Vesicle type | Sample | Control group | Number | AUC | SEN | SPE | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PIGR | EVs | Serum | Healthy controls | HCC (n = 29), Healthy (n = 32) | 0.837 | 82.8% | 71.8% | Arbelaiz et al. (2017) |
| LG3BP | EVs | Serum | Healthy controls | HCC (n = 29), Healthy (n = 32) | 0.904 | 96.9% | 71.8% | Arbelaiz et al. (2017) |
| PKM2 | Ectosomes | Plasma | Healthy controls | HCC (n = 6), Healthy (n = 6) | NR | NR | NR | Hou et al. (2020) |
| HCC EV ECG score a | EVs | Plasma | LC | HCC (n = 35), LC (n = 37) | 0.93 | 91% | 81% | Sun et al. (2022) |
| HSP90α, LC3B | EVs | Plasma | Non-malignant liver disease and healthy controls | HCC (n = 51), Non-malignant liver disease (n = 33), Healthy (n = 30) | 0.9595 | 86.00% | 96.67% | Chen et al. (2022b) |
| AnnexinV, EpCAM, ASGPR1 | Microparticles | Serum | LC | HCC (n = 86), LC (n = 49) | 0.7322 | 81.40% | 46.94% | Julich-Haertel et al. (2017) |
| AnnexinV, CD44v6 | EVs | Serum | Biliary cancer | HCC (n = 29), Biliary cancer (n = 60) | 0.81 | 91.7% | 69.0% | Urban et al. (2020) |
| 370 differentially-expressed proteins | Exosomes | Serum | Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and healthy controls | HCC (n = 9), Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (n = 9), Healthy (n = 9) | NR | NR | NR | Yang et al. (2022b) |
| GPC-3 | Exosomes | Serum | CHB and healthy controls | HCC (n = 12), CHB (n = 12), Healthy (n = 6) | NR | NR | NR | Di et al. (2020) |
| CD63 | Exosomes | Serum | Healthy controls | HCC (n = 25), Healthy (n = 25) | 0.95 | NR | NR | Aydin et al. (2021) |
| LC | HCC (n = 25), LC (n = 25) | 0.87 | NR | NR | Aydin et al. (2021) | |||
| GPC-3 | Exosomes | Serum | Healthy controls | HCC (n = 25), Healthy (n = 25) | 1.0 | NR | NR | Aydin et al. (2021) |
| LC | HCC (n = 25), LC (n = 25) | 0.95 | NR | NR | Aydin et al. (2021) | |||
| CO9 | Exosomes | Plasma | Healthy controls | HCC (n = 7), Healthy (n = 4) | 0.929 | 85.7% | 100.0% | Ye et al. (2022) |
| CHB | HCC (n = 7), CHB (n = 10) | 0.857 | 85.7% | 90%% | Ye et al. (2022) | |||
| LBP | Exosomes | Plasma | Healthy controls | HCC (n = 7), Healthy (n = 4) | 0.964 | 100.0% | 75.0% | Ye et al. (2022) |
| KV311 | Exosomes | Plasma | LC | HCC (n = 7), LC (n = 7) | 0.857 | 85.7% | 85.7% | Ye et al. (2022) |
| VWF, TGFB1, LGALS3BP, SERPINC1, HPX, HP, HBA1, FGA, FGG, FGB | Exosomes | Serum | Healthy controls | HCC (n = 20), Healthy (n = 10) | NR | NR | NR | Zhao et al. (2021) |
| CCT8, Cofilin-1 | Exosomes | Serum | CHB, LC and healthy controls | HCC (n = 132), CHB (n = 25), LC (n = 33), Healthy (n = 34) | 0.829 | 85.61% | 61.96% | Cho et al. (2021) |
| ANXA2, VCAN | Microparticles | Plasma | LC and healthy controls | HCC (n = 16), LC (n = 22), Healthy (n = 18) | NR | NR | NR | Taleb et al. (2017) |
a
Accounted from EpCAM+ CD63+ HCC EVs, CD147+ CD63+ HCC EVs, and GPC3+ CD63+ HCC EVs.
CHB, chronic hepatitis B; LC, liver cirrhosis; HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma; NR, not reported; SEN, sensitivity; SPE, specificity.