Table I.
Studies describing patients with CNS injuries and pneumonia due to MDR pathogens.
| Study | CNS injury | Participants | Pneumonia | Pneumonia due to MDR pathogens | MDR pathogens |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yang et al, 2022(41) | Intracranial cerebral hemorrhage | 324 | 122 | 42/122 (34.2%) | A. baumannii (40.5%) |
| K. pneumoniae (26.2%) | |||||
| P. aeruginosa (23.8%) | |||||
| Jiang et al, 2022(45) | • Consciousness disorders | 575 | 427 | 79/427 (18.5%) | A. baumannii (45.3%) |
| • Paralysis | P. aeruginosa (36.8%) | ||||
| • Impaired deglutition | K. pneumoniae (12.6%) | ||||
| E. cloacae (1.1%) | |||||
| S. aureus (4.2%) | |||||
| Lee et al, 2019(42) | Various CNS illnesses | 277 | 351 | 148/351 (42.2%) | A. baumannii (23.6%) |
| S. pneumoniae (5.4%) | |||||
| P. aeruginosa (4%) | |||||
| K. pneumoniae (14.9%) | |||||
| K. aerogenes (1.4%) | |||||
| S. aureus (45.3%) | |||||
| Shrestha et al, 2019(43) | • Traumatic brain injury | 106 | 35 | 3/35 (8.5%) | K. pneumoniae (66.7%) |
| • Spine injury | Acinetobacter spp. (33.3%) | ||||
| • Aneurysmal SAH | |||||
| • Miscellaneous | |||||
| • P-fossa tumor | |||||
| • Pituitary and suprasellar region | |||||
| Beghi et al, 2018(4) | Traumatic brain injury | 61 | 8 | 6/8 (75%) | P. aeruginosa (33.3%) |
| K. pneumoniae (16.6%) | |||||
| P. mirabilis (16.6%) | |||||
| S. maltophilia (16.6%) | |||||
| Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative | |||||
| Staphylococci (16.6%) | |||||
| Ye et al, 2022(40) | Traumatic brain injury | 230 | 230 | 68/230 (29.6%) | A. baumannii (45.2%) |
| K. pneumoniae (23.3%) | |||||
| P. aeruginosa (16.4%) | |||||
| S. aureus (15.1%) | |||||
| Leone et al, 2002(39) | Traumatic brain injury | 116 | 58 | 4/73 (5.4%) | S. aureus (100%) |
| Teng et al, 2022(44) | • SAH | 89 | 40 | 15/40 (37.5%) | S. aureus (20%) |
| • Intracerebral hemorrhage | B. cepacia (20%) | ||||
| • Massive cerebral infarction | K. pneumoniae (20%) | ||||
| C. striatum (20%) | |||||
| Acinetobacter spp (20%) | |||||
| Jovanovic et al, 2015(38) | Traumatic brain injury | 144 | 35 | 6/107 (5.6%) | S. aureus (100%) |
CNS, central nervous system; MDR, multidrug-resistance; A. baumannii, Acinetobacter baumannii; K. pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae; P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; E. cloacae, Enterobacter cloacae; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus; S. pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae; K. aerogenes, Klebsiella aerogenes; P. mirabilis, Proteus mirabilis; S. maltophilia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; B. cepacia, Burkholderia cepacia; C. striatum, Corynebacterium striatum; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage.