. 2023 Mar 29;329(19):1700–1702. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.5747

Table 1. Percentage of US Adults Aged Younger Than 65 Years With Diabetes Who Reported Rationing Insulin Due to Cost Over the Past Year, 2021 National Health Interview Survey^a.

Characteristic	Individuals rationing insulin because of cost, unweighted No.	Individuals with diabetes using insulin, unweighted No.	Individuals rationing insulin because of cost, weighted % (95% CI)
Total	93	495	20.4 (16.2-25.3)
Sex
Men	46	242	21.3 (15.3-28.9)
Women	47	253	19.3 (14.3-25.6)
Born in the US
No	8	69	10.5 (4.7-21.5)
Yes	81	410	22.0 (17.3-27.6)
Race and ethnicity^b
Hispanic	16	84	21.4 (12.2-35.0)
Non-Hispanic Black	23	100	26.7 (16.0-41.2)
Non-Hispanic White	51	279	19.4 (14.5-25.6)
Income-to-poverty ratio
<175%	31	187	18.2 (11.6-27.4)
175%-349%	40	143	30.2 (21.7-40.3)
≥350%	22	165	13.8 (8.9-21.0)
Insurance coverage^c
Adequately insured	41	340	14.3 (10.3-19.4)
Underinsured or uninsured	52	152	33.7 (25.2-43.5)
Diabetes
Type 1	26	123	23.6 (15.7-33.9)
Type 2	67	372	19.3 (14.7-25.1)

^{^a}

Rationing was defined as skipping insulin doses, using less insulin than prescribed, or delaying the purchase of insulin over the past year to save money.

^{^b}

Race was self-reported by participants from a list created by National Health Interview Survey researchers (African American, Alaska Native, American Indian, Asian, Black, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, White, and other). Participants could select more than 1 race. Participants also self-reported whether they were “of Hispanic or Latino” origin. We classified participants as being Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, or other. Estimates for participants from other racial and ethnic backgrounds were not included because of small sample size. The “other” group included participants who were Alaska Native, American Indian, Asian, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, multiracial, or other race. Race and ethnicity were assessed in this analysis to explore potential disparities in insulin rationing.

^{^c}

Being adequately insured was defined as having health insurance and not struggling to pay medical bills over the past year; being underinsured or uninsured was defined as having no health insurance or having health insurance but struggling to pay for medical bills over the past year.

Table 1. Percentage of US Adults Aged Younger Than 65 Years With Diabetes Who Reported Rationing Insulin Due to Cost Over the Past Year, 2021 National Health Interview Surveya.

Table 1. Percentage of US Adults Aged Younger Than 65 Years With Diabetes Who Reported Rationing Insulin Due to Cost Over the Past Year, 2021 National Health Interview Survey^a.