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. 2023 Jan 31;14:1091040. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1091040

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Copyright © 2023 Cao, Tan, Yan, Shen, Hua, Shao and Yao

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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SG led to improvements in the HFD-feeding induced colonic pro-inflammatory status. (A) Experimental design and timeline (SG n=7; SHAM n=9). (B) Body weight. (C) Mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT). (D) Serum lipids. (E) Length of colon. (F) Cecum weight. (G) Representative H&E-staining images of colon (400x; scale bar, 50 um) and quantification of depth of crypt. (H) Gene expressions of inflammatory cytokines in the colon. (I) Gene expressions of tight junction proteins in the colon. n = 7–9/group; Data are presented as means ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA with post hoc Sidak test for multiple comparisons (B, C) and Student’s t-test (D, I) were used for significance assessments. ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05. SHAM, sham surgery; SG, sleeve gastrectomy.