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. 2023 Jan 31;14:1091040. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1091040

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics comprises SG’s ability to improve HFD-feeding induced colonic pro-inflammation. (A) Experimental design and timeline (SG-ABX n=8, SHAM-ABX n=9). (B) Body weight. (C) Mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT). (D) Serum lipids. (E) Representative H&E-staining images of colon (400x; scale bar, 50 um) and quantification of depth of crypt. (F) Genes expressions of inflammatory cytokines in the colon. (G) Gene expressions of macrophages markers in the colon. (H) Representative histological images of colon stained with anti-CD68 antibody (400x; scale bar, 50 um) and quantification of CD68 positive cells. (I) Gene expressions of tight junction proteins in the colon. n = 8/group; Data are presented as means ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA with post hoc Sidak test for multiple comparisons (B, C) and Student’s t-test (D–H) were used for significance assessments. **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05. SHAM, sham surgery; SG, sleeve gastrectomy; ABX, antibiotics.