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. 2023 Mar 30:1–23. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10639-023-11749-x

Table 4.

Heterotrait-monotrait ratio (HTMT) of discriminant validity

BIU Control Curiosity FI Joy PB PEOU PI PU
BIU
Control 0.175
Curiosity 0.654 0.058
FI 0.493 0.130 0.691
Joy 0.548 0.283 0.756 0.673
PB 0.576 0.144 0.655 0.762 0.715
PEOU 0.247 0.261 0.410 0.465 0.474 0.335
PI 0.166 0.120 0.285 0.138 0.141 0.134 0.194
PU 0.511 0.210 0.692 0.685 0.909 0.652 0.582 0.201

BIU: Behavioral intention to use; FI: Focused immersion; PB: Perceived boredom; PEOU: Perceived ease of use; PI: Personal innovativeness; PU: Perceived usefulness