TABLE 1.

Adverse Childhood Experience Measure Information

ACE Category and Measure	Question	Response Choices	Recoded Variable	Percentage of Sample Reporting ACE in Recoded Variable
Victimization
Witnessing a shooting or stabbing	During the past 12 months, how often did the following happen? You saw someone shoot or stab another person.	0 = Never, 1 = once, 2 = more than once	0 = No exposure 1 = Any exposure	12.1
Having a knife or gun pulled on you	During the past 12 months, how often did the following happen? Someone pulled a knife or gun on you.	0 = Never, 1 = once, 2 = more than once	0 = No exposure 1 = Any exposure	12.5
Experiencing a shooting or stabbing	During the past 12 months, how often did the following happen? Someone shot or stabbed you.	0 = Never, 1 = once, 2 = more than once	0 = No exposure 1 = Any exposure	1.3
Experiencing being jumped or beaten up	During the past 12 months, how often did the following happen? you were beaten or jumped?	0 = Never, 1 = once, 2 = more than once	0 = No exposure 1 = Any exposure	11.1
Lack of parental warmth
Lack of maternal warmth	Most of the time your mother/father is warm and loving towards you?	1 = Strongly agree 5 = Strongly disagree	Recoded as 1 = disagree, strongly disagree 0 = strongly agree, agree	3.6
Lack of paternal warmth				4.7
Household substance abuse
Maternal alcoholism	Please tell me whether [participant’s] biological mother or his/her biological father has alcoholism now.	Yes/No	Recoded as No = 0, Yes = 1	2.6
Paternal alcoholism		Yes/No		12
Household mental illness
Family member suicide attempt	Have any of your family members tried to kill themselves during the past 12 months?	Yes/No	Recoded as No = 1, Yes = 0	4.8
Family member suicide	Have any of your family members succeeded in committing suicide in the past 12 months?	Yes/No	Recoded as No = 1, Yes = 0	1.1
Neighborhood safety
Not feeling safe in current neighborhood	Do you feel safe in your neighborhood?	Yes/No	Recoded as No = 1, Yes = 0	10.4

Abbreviation:

ACE = Adverse childhood experience

Table based on Brumley et al.’s representation of ACE measures.¹¹