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. 2023 Mar 30;17:44. doi: 10.1186/s13034-023-00592-0

Table 5.

Multiple linear regression using the broadband internalizing and externalizing scales as the outcomes for boys

Internalizing Externalizing
Independent Variable Coefficient
(95% CI)
p-value Coefficient
(95% CI)
p-value
Age group 0.549 0.003
12–13 Ref. Ref.
14–15

-0.99

(-3.49–1.50)

1.51

(-1.29–4.32)

16–18

0.95

(-1.85–3.75)

2.96

(-0.33–6.24)

Performing any Sport 0.093 0.438
Yes Ref. Ref.
No

1.43

(-2.67–5.54)

-0.83

(-5.60–3.93)

Number of Siblings 0.163 0.600
0 Ref. Ref.
1–3

− 0.26

(-7.10–6.56)

0.70

(-8.33–9.72)

4–5

4.00

(-4.72–12.72)

7.62

(-3.11–18.35)

≥ 6

-1.84

(-11.89–8.20)

-2.75

(-14.94–9.43)

Doing chores 0.393 0.780
Yes

0.26

(-2.44–2.96)

-1.90

(-5.05 -1.25)

No Ref. Ref.
Having an illness < 0.001 0.081
Yes Ref. Ref.
No

-4.09

(-8.31–0.13)

-2.26

(-7.23–2.72)

Number of Close Friends < 0.001 0.311
0

25.91

(11.17–40.66)

-20.78

(-37.67 - -3.88)

1–3

0.40

(-1.92–2.71)

-0.36

(-3.00–2.27)

≥ 4 Ref. Ref.
Having school problems 0.007 0.015
Yes

3.64

(1.05–6.23)

3.58

(0.69–6.47)

No Ref. Ref.
Living with 0.395 0.794
Mother only

2.75

(-1.14–6.64)

-2.83

(-7.19–1.53)

Father only

0.10

(-4.53–4.33)

-1.83

(-6.99–3.32)

Both parents Ref. Ref.

Relationship with peers

(compared to peers)

< 0.001 0.672
Worse

7.08

(0.01–14.15)

7.35

(-1.83–16.53)

Likewise Ref. Ref.
Better

-1.89

(-4.15–0.36)

-0.72

(-3.27–1.83)

Relationship with siblings

(compared to peers)

0.126 0.024
Worse

-4.99

(-16.81–6.84)

-6.59

(-17.40–4.22)

Likewise Ref. Ref.
Better

-1.88

(-4.43–0.66)

-1.76

(-4.70–1.17)

Do not have siblings

-2.50

(-9.62–4.62)

-2.36

(-11.42–6.70)

Relationship with parents

(compared to peers)

0.068 0.050
Worse

-3.61

(-14.59–7.36)

3.99

(-7.21 -15.18)

Likewise Ref. Ref.
Better

-0.47

(-3.48–2.53)

-1.66

(-5.04–1.72)

Having at least one migrant parent 0.932 0.449
Yes

0.27

(-2.27–2.80)

4.61

(1.73–7.49)

No Ref. Ref.
Constant

15.63

(7.07–24.20)

< 0.001

13.15

(2.09–24.22)

0.020
Adj. R 2 0.3177 0.1195