Table 3.

Analysis of the indirect and total effects

	Mediation path	B	S.E.	95% CI		Account (Indirect/Total)
				Lower	Upper
IL→OLE						29.7%
Direct effect		0.0045	0.002	0.000	0.009
Indirect effect	IL→PAE→OLE	0.0019	0.002	-0.002	0.005
	IL→NAE→OLE	0.0000	0.000	0.000	0.001
Total effect		0.0064	0.003	0.001	0.012
SDLS→OLE						86.7%
Direct effect		0.093	0.035	0.026	0.163
Indirect effect	SDLS→PAE→OLE	0.606	0.033	0.544	0.674
	SDLS→NAE→OLE	0.001	0.001	-0.001	0.005
Total effect		0.700	0.023	0.065	0.746

Note: B = the strength of the effect; S.E. = standard error; IL = information literacy; SDLS = self-directed learning skills; PAE = positive academic emotions; NAE = negative academic emotions; OLE = online learning engagement