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. 2023 Mar 30:1–28. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10639-023-11767-9

Table 10.

Assessment of the measurement model of first order and second-order constructs (external loadings, validity, and reliability)

Latent variable Indicator Loading CA CR AVE HTMT
HFC BO CPS ED EPR FBFU QUAL TC TD TI TO
Burnout (Second-order) 0.835 0.862 0.614
Techno-distress (Second-order) 0.784 0.858 0.602
Home facilitating conditions 0.786 0.856 0.547
HFC1 0.801
HFC2 0.841
HFC4 0.557
HFC5 0.772
HFCC6 0.694
CPS 0.899 0.926 0.715 0.301 0.951
CPS1 0.798
CPS2 0.918
CPS3 0.868
CPS5 0.850
CPS6 0.787
ED 0.676 0.860 0.755 0.249 0.847 0.854
ED2 0.887
ED3 0.850
EPR 0.938 0.948 0.670 0.265 0.959 0.717 0.528
EPR1 0.827
EPR2 0.872
EPR3 0.864
EPR4 0.880
EPR5 0.867
EPR6 0.711
EPR7 0.713
EPR8 0.798
EPR9 0.817
FBFU 0.900 0.938 0.834 0.158 0.770 0.641 0.687 0.512
FU1 0.935
FU2 0.935
FU3 0.867
Quality system 0.887 0.917 0.690 0.674 0.229 0.272 0.125 0.174 0.185
QUA1 0.756
QUA2 0.884
QUA3 0.864
QUA4 0.872
QUA5 0.769
Techno-complexity 0.891 0.920 0.698 0.545 0.301 0.258 0.135 0.305 0.209 0.472
TECHCO1 0.768
TECHCO2 0.915
TECHCO3 0.862
TECHCO4 0.857
TECHCO5 0.766
Techno-invasion 0.712 0.837 0.637 0.396 0.618 0.452 0.337 0.663 0.412 0.336 0.386 0.957
TECHINV1 0.884
TECHINV2 0.630
TECHINV4 0.855
Techno-overload 0.917 0.938 0.752 0.352 0.588 0.378 0.185 0.721 0.303 0.329 0.330 0.907 0.924
TECHOV1 0.871
TECHOV2 0.849
TECHOV3 0.887
TECHOV4 0.814
TECHOV5 0.911
Techno-uncertainty 0.687 0.822 0.610 0.816 0.322 0.262 0.174 0.334 0.209 0.677 0.691 0.928 0.550 0.556
TECHUN1 0.868
TECHUN2 0.647
TECHUN4 0.811

EPR: Exhaustion in parental role; CPS: Contrast in parental self; FBFU: Feeling of being fed up; ED: Emotional distancing

CA: Cronbach’s Alpha; CR: Composite Reliability; AVE: Average variance extracted; HTMT: Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio