Table 2. Clinical outcomes.

Items	Control (n=32)	HNC (n=34)	P value
Schindl score on POD1	1.2±1.6	0.8±0.9	0.61
Hospital stay (d)	13.5±22.3	5.6±1.9	0.08
SSI within 30 days after surgery	10 [31]	2 [6]	0.01
Superficial incisional SSI	5 [16]	0 [0]	0.02
Deep incisional SSI	1 [3]	1 [3]	>0.99
Organ/space SSI	5 [16]	1 [3]	0.10

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or n [%]. In the control group, one patient had superficial incisional SSI and organ/space SSI concurrently. HNC, hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemic clamp; POD, postoperative day; SSI, surgical site infection.