Table 1. Ambient Absorption, 77 K Emission, Emission Decay Constants, and Emission Yield of the Ru-tpy Complexes^a.

			77 K emissionb	77 K lifetimeb			77 K quantum yieldb
code	complexes	hνmax(abs), cm–1/103, 298 K (87 K)a	hνmax(em), cm–1/103 (hνave(em), cm–1/103)c	kobs, μs–1 (τmean, μs)d,e	kr, μs–1 f	knr, μs–1 f	Φem × 104
(a)	[Ru(tpy)2]2+	21.03 (20.92)	16.55 (15.70)	0.09 (11.17)	0.030	0.059	3400 ± 700
(b)	[Ru(tpy)(NH3)3]2+	18.50 (17.48)	13.01 (12.50)	2.63 (0.38)	0.025	2.607	95 ± 15
(c)	[Ru(tpy)(AN)3]2+	22.96 (22.62)	18.07 (16.86)	0.06 (16.2) (60%)			2090 ± 200
				0.58 (1.72) (40%)
(d)	[Ru(tpy)(bpm)(NH3)]2+	21.51 (21.46)	14.47 (13.69)	0.78 (1.28)	0.031	0.75	399 ± 50
(e)	[Ru(tpy)(bpm)(AN)]2+	23.09 (23.36)	15.96 (15.13)	0.18 (5.71)	0.015	0.16	840 ± 260

^aIn acetonitrile.

^bIn butyronitrile.

^cν_ave ≈ ∫ν_mI_mdν_m/∫I_mdν_m.

^dMean emission lifetime (τ).

^eMean excited-state decay rate constant, k_obs=1/τ.

^fk_r is the radiative rate constant, and k_nr is the nonradiative rate constant, k_obs = k_r + k_nr.