Gelisen 2005.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT, randomisation by sealed opaque envelopes, no mentioning of sequence.
Participants	Singleton live pregnancy, GA 41 completed weeks, BS < 5, no contractions, AFI > 5, estimated fetal body weight < 4500 g. Exclusion: known hypersensitivity to PG, previous caesarean delivery or other uterine surgery, MBI > 30, parity > 4, low‐lying placenta.
Interventions	Foley catheter 50 mL (n = 100). Vaginal misoprostol 50 mcg 6‐hourly, max 24 hours (n = 100). (group excluded because of high dose) Oxytocin low dose protocol (n = 100). Spontaneous follow‐up (n = 300). (not in analyses)
Outcomes	CS rate, neonatal outcomes: meconium, arterial pH, acidaemia, admissions to NICU secondary, tachysystole, hyperstimulation, fetal distress.
Notes	Primary goals of study is to compare induction versus expectant management. Setting: tertiary training centre in Turkey Study period: not reported Funding: not reported Declarations of interest: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	600 opaque envelopes, 1 was drawn every time.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Opaque envelopes.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not feasible due to nature of intervention
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Blinded assessment of fetal monitor strips. (to assess hyperstimulation).
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not addressed, seems like all data complete.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All pre‐specified outcome measures are reported.
Other bias	Low risk	No other bias detected