Hughes 2002.

Study characteristics
Methods	Randomised trial.
Participants	Singleton gestation, cephalic presentation, intact membranes, GA 36‐42, indicated labour induction.
Interventions	PGE 2 pessary (n = 34). Foley + EASI + oxytocin (n = 33).
Outcomes	Change in BS, induction‐delivery time.
Notes	Outcomes of interest not reported in this abstract. Setting: USA Study period: not reported Funding: not reported Declarations of interest: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomly assigned, no further details
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomly assigned, no further details
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not feasible due to nature of intervention
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	2 patients excluded after randomisation in Foley group, unclear
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Study protocol/predefined outcomes not available
Other bias	Unclear risk	Only reported as abstract