Table 2.
Potential risk factors for treatment failure in patients undergoing CD
| Feature of the patients | Total (n = 1537) | Noncollapsed group (n = 731) |
Collapsed group (n = 806) |
Statistical value |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertension | NO | 1376 (89.5%) | 656 (89.7%) | 720 (89.3%) | 0.069 | 0.793 |
| YES | 161 (10.5%) | 75 (10.3%) | 86 (10.7%) | |||
| Diabetes | NO | 1497 (97.4%) | 718 (98.2%) | 779 (96.7%) | 3.735 | 0.053 |
| YES | 40 (2.6%) | 139 (1.8%) | 27 (3.3%) | |||
| Corticosteroid treatment | NO | 1390 (90.4%) | 664 (90.8%) | 726 (90.1%) | 0.256 | 0.613 |
| YES | 147 (9.6%) | 67 (9.2%) | 80 (9.9%) | |||
| Osteoporosis | 0.19 ± 1.38 | 0.18 ± 1.37 | 0.19 ± 1.39 | -0.054 | 0.957 | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.42 ± 1.04 | 4.44 ± 1.04 | 4.41 ± 1.04 | 0.540 | 0.589 | |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.51 ± 0.84 | 1.58 ± 0.89 | 1.45 ± 0.80 | 2.828 | 0.005 | |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 139.12 ± 15.48 | 142.01 ± 15.92 | 136.50 ± 14.59 | 7.087 | < 0.001 | |
| VAS score | 4 ± 2.47 | 3.98 ± 2.50 | 4.02 ± 2.45 | -0.321 | 0.749 | |
| Harris hip score | 71.52 ± 11.55 | 72.93 ± 12.88 | 70.24 ± 11.11 | 4.596 | 0.721 | |
| Number of channels | 2 | 524 (34.1%) | 264 (36.1%) | 260 (32.3%) | 2.538 | 0.111 |
| 3 | 1031 (67.1%) | 467 (63.9%) | 546 (67.7%) | |||
| Disease duration (months) | 4.37 ± 5.24 | 3.49 ± 4.33 | 5.17 ± 5.85 | -6.425 | < 0.001 | |
| Dialysis | NO | 1527 (99.3%) | 727 (99.5%) | 800 (99.3%) | 0.231 | 0.631 |
| YES | 10 (0.7%) | 4 (0.5%) | 6 (0.7%) | |||
| Vasculitis | NO | 1532 (99.7%) | 729 (99.7%) | 803 (99.6%) | 0.115 | 0.735 |
| YES | 5 (0.3) | 2 (0.3%) | 3 (0.4%) | |||
| Arterial thrombosis | NO | 1532 (99.7%) | 728 (99.6%) | 804 (99.8%) | 0.311 | 0.577 |
| YES | 5 (0.3%) | 3 (0.4%) | 2 (0.2%) | |||
| Immune system diseases | NO | 1511 (98.3%) | 722 (98.8%) | 789 (97.9%) | 1.777 | 0.183 |
| YES | 26 (1.7%) | 9 (1.2%) | 17 (2.1%) | |||
| Preoperative treatment with hip preservation | NO | 997 (64.9%) | 477 (65.3%) | 520 (64.5%) | 0.091 | 0.762 |
| YES | 540 (35.1%) | 254 (34.7%) | 286 (35.5%) | |||
| Preoperative crutch use | NO | 1520 (98.9%) | 723 (98.9%) | 797 (98.9%) | 0.002 | 0.967 |
| YES | 17 (1.1%) | 8 (1.1%) | 9 (1.1%) | |||
| ARCO stage | I | 374 (24.3%) | 180 (24.6%) | 194 (24.1%) | 0.064 | 0.800 |
| II | 1163 (75.7%) | 551 (75.4%) | 612 (75.9%) | |||
| Femoral head radius (mm) | 25.99 ± 2.05 | 25.98 ± 2.10 | 26.00 ± 2.00 | -0.230 | 0.818 | |
| Crescent sign | NO | 1507 (98%) | 722 (98.8%) | 785 (97.4%) | 3.783 | 0.052 |
| YES | 30 (2%) | 9 (1.2%) | 21 (2.6%) | |||
| Cystic changes of the femoral head | NO | 879 (57.2%) | 429 (58.7%) | 450 (55.8%) | 1.277 | 0.259 |
| YES | 658 (42.8%) | 302 (41.3%) | 356 (44.2%) | |||
| MRI feature-intensity | α | 158 (10.3%) | 93 (12.7%) | 65 (8.1%) | 16.195 | < 0.001 |
| β | 692 (45%) | 345 (47.2%) | 347 (43.1%) | |||
| γ | 687 (44.7%) | 293 (40.1%) | 394 (48.9%) | |||
| MRI feature-sum | I | 751 (48.9%) | 434 (59.4%) | 317 (39.3%) | 80.728 | < 0.001 |
| II | 190 (12.4%) | 98 (13.4%) | 92 (11.4%) | |||
| III | 596 (38.8%) | 199 (27.2%) | 397 (49.3%) | |||
| MRI feature-“double-line” sign | NO | 315 (20.5%) | 191 (26.1%) | 124 (15.4%) | 27.157 | < 0.001 |
| YES | 1222 (79.5%) | 540 (73.9%) | 682 (84.6%) | |||
| MRI feature-bone marrow oedema | NO | 971 (63.2%) | 473 (64.7%) | 498 (61.8%) | 9.667 | 0.022 |
| I | 53 (3.4%) | 27 (3.7%) | 26 (3.2%) | |||
| II | 142 (9.2%) | 50 (6.8%) | 92 (11.4%) | |||
| III | 371 (24.1%) | 181 (24.8%) | 190 (23.6%) | |||
| MRI feature-articular effusion | NO | 529 (34.4%) | 267 (36.5%) | 262 (32.5%) | 2.743 | 0.098 |
| YES | 1008 (65.6%) | 464 (63.5%) | 544 (67.5%) | |||
| The combined necrosis angle | 167.70 ± 83.37 | 131.59 ± 77.13 | 200.44 ± 74.91 | -17.742 | < 0.001 | |
| Articular glenoid labral tear | NO | 1487 (96.7%) | 705 (96.4%) | 782 (97%) | 0.408 | 0.523 |
| YES | 50 (3.3%) | 26 (3.6%) | 24 (3%) | |||
| Acetabular impingement syndrome | NO | 777 (50.6%) | 381 (52.1%) | 396( 49.1%) | 1.370 | 0.242 |
| YES | 760 (49.4%) | 350 (47.9%) | 410 (50.9%) |
*Mann–Whitney U test
#Chi-square test
VAS, visual analogue scale; ARCO, Association Research Circulation Osseous; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging