Table 1.
Descriptive baseline characteristics and proportion of prefrail and frail adults aged 50 and older in England at baseline. *unweighted frequency (%), original data; **weighted proportion (95% CI), estimated using multiple imputation for missing variables
| Characteristic | Total* | Prefrail** | Frail** |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individual characteristics | |||
| FI, mean (SD) | 0.11 (0.11) | ||
| Frailty status | |||
| Robust | 9,338 (53.6) | ||
| Prefrail | 6,062 (34.8) | 0.338 (0.330–0.346) | |
| Frail | 2,032 (11.7) | 0.117 (0.111–0.122) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 65.1 (10.4) | ||
| Age group | |||
| 50–59 | 8,505 (48.8) | 0.252 (0.241–0.684) | 0.075 (0.069–0.082) |
| 60–69 | 4,562 (26.2) | 0.361 (0.346–0.542) | 0.112 (0.103–0.122) |
| 70–79 | 3,077 (17.7) | 0.506 (0.487–0.350) | 0.161 (0.148–0.175) |
| 80+ | 1,200 (6.9) | 0.523 (0.493–0.200) | 0.299 (0.272–0.552) |
| Sex | |||
| Men | 8,087 (46.4) | 0.289 (0.277–0.300) | 0.096 (0.045–0.103) |
| Women | 9,351 (53.6) | 0.383 (0.372–0.394) | 0.135 (0.127–0.143) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 16,726 (95.9) | 0.332 (0.288–0.376) | 0.133 (0.101–0.164) |
| Non-white | 712 (4.1) | 0.338 (0.330–0.346) | 0.116 (0.110–0.121) |
| Education | |||
| Less than high school | 7,086 (40.6) | 0.385 (0.372–0.398) | 0.182 (0.172–0.192) |
| High school | 2,890 (16.6) | 0.318 (0.298–0.337) | 0.074 (0.062–0.085) |
| College or higher | 7,462 (42.8) | 0.297 (0.285–0.308) | 0.064 (0.058–0.071) |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 1,126 (6.4) | 0.330 (0.299–0.361) | 0.139 (0.115–0.164) |
| Married | 11,964 (68.6) | 0.311 (0.302–0.320) | 0.084 (0.079–0.090) |
| Separated/divorced | 2,068 (11.8) | 0.331 (0.308–0.354) | 0.146 (0.129–0.163) |
| Widowed | 2,276 (13.1) | 0.487 (0.465–0.508) | 0.239 (0.220–0.257) |
| Wealth | |||
| 1st quintile (least wealthy) | 3,910 (22.4) | 0.360 (0.343–0.378) | 0.209 (0.194–0.223) |
| 2nd | 3,315 (19.0) | 0.377 (0.359–0.396) | 0.146 (0.133–0.159) |
| 3rd | 3,287 (18.8) | 0.345 (0.326–0.362) | 0.097 (0.087–0.108) |
| 4th | 3,280 (18.8) | 0.324 (0.307–0.342) | 0.057 (0.049–0.065) |
| 5th (most wealthy) | 3,278 (18.8) | 0.271 (0.255–0.287) | 0.037 (0.030–0.044) |
| Smoking behaviour | |||
| Non-smoker | 6,298 (36.1) | 0.297 (0.284–0.310) | 0.090 (0.082–0.098) |
| Past smoker | 8,030 (46.1) | 0.357 (0.346–0.368) | 0.121 (0.113–0.129) |
| Current smoker | 3,110 (17.8) | 0.374 (0.354–0.393) | 0.159 (0.144–0.173) |
| Drinking frequency | |||
| Not at all | 1,793 (10.2) | 0.398 (0.373–0.424) | 0.275 (0.252–0.298) |
| Drink 4 days a week or fewer | 9,245 (53.0) | 0.350 (0.340–0.362) | 0.107 (0.101–0.114) |
| Drink 5 days a week or more | 4.921 (28.2) | 0.289 (0.275–0.303) | 0.071 (0.063–0.079) |
| Area characteristics | |||
| Area deprivation | |||
| 1st quintile (most deprived) | 2,600 (14.9) | 0.401 (0.380–0.422) | 0.220 (0.202–0.239) |
| 2nd | 3,149 (18.1) | 0.366 (0.347–0.385) | 0.147 (0.134–0.161) |
| 3rd | 3,623 (20.8) | 0.345 (0.328–0.362) | 0.107 (0.097–0.118) |
| 4th | 4,023 (23.1) | 0.309 (0.293–0.325) | 0.086 (0.076–0.095) |
| 5th (least deprived) | 4,041 (23.2) | 0.295 (0.279–0.310) | 0.060 (0.052–0.068) |