Table 2.
Multilevel mixed-effects ordered logistic regression showing the odds ratio (and 95% CI) of older adults being prefrail or frail, missing data imputed. Source: ELSA waves 1–8
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wealth, reference: 5th | |||
| 4th quintile (most wealthy) | 1.25 (1.14; 1.37) | 1.17 (1.07; 1.28) | |
| 3rd | 1.56 (1.42; 1.72) | 1.39 (1.27; 1.53) | |
| 2nd | 2.11 (1.90; 2.34) | 1.76 (1.58; 1.95) | |
| 1st (least wealthy) | 3.36 (2.98; 3.79) | 2.64 (2.35; 2.98) | |
| Area deprivation, reference: 5th | |||
| 4th quintile (least deprived) | 1.30 (1.17; 1.45) | 1.26 (1.14; 1.41) | 1.19 (1.07; 1.32) |
| 3rd | 1.88 (1.66; 2.13) | 1.72 (1.53; 1.94) | 1.50 (1.33; 1.70) |
| 2nd | 3.39 (2.96; 3.88) | 2.85 (2.50; 3.26) | 2.25 (1.97; 2.57) |
| 1st (most deprived) | 6.99 (5.94; 8.22) | 5.34 (4.58; 6.32) | 3.70 (3.15; 4.34) |
Notes: Model 1 is adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity and area deprivation. Model 2 is adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, wealth and area deprivation. Model 3 is adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, education level, marital status, smoking and drinking behaviour, wealth and area deprivation. Details in Supplementary Table 2.